Table 1.
Participant sociodemographic characteristics.
| Full Sample (Aims 1 & 2) N= 9251 |
Pregnancy Outcomes Sample (Aim 3) N= 2756 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | |
| Maternal Age (years) | 31.8 (4.4) | 17.9 – 50.5 | 32.8 (4.2) | 18.6–49.0 |
| Pregnancy Outcomes | ||||
| Birthweight (grams) | 3418.4 (539.6) | 314.7 – 5600 | ||
| Length at birth (cm) | 50.7 (4.6) | 18.0 – 70.0 | ||
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 38.9 (1.9) | 24 - 43 | ||
| n | % | n | % | |
| Gravidaa | ||||
| Primigravida | 4283 | 46.3 | 1164 | 45.7 |
| Multigravida | 4967 | 53.7 | 1384 | 54.3 |
| Parityb | ||||
| Nulliparous | 5257 | 56.8 | 1441 | 56.6 |
| Primiparous | 2762 | 29.9 | 779 | 30.6 |
| Multiparous | 1211 | 13.1 | 324 | 12.7 |
| Missing | 20 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Trimester of pregnancy at study enrollment | ||||
| First | 2055 | 22.2 | 173 | 6.8 |
| Second | 4332 | 46.8 | 1132 | 44.4 |
| Third | 2861 | 30.9 | 1243 | 48.8 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI class | ||||
| Underweight | 283 | 3.1 | 71 | 2.8 |
| Normal weight | 4416 | 47.7 | 1245 | 48.9 |
| Overweight | 2371 | 25.6 | 634 | 24.9 |
| Obese | 2048 | 22.1 | 569 | 22.3 |
| Missing | 133 | 1.4 | 29 | 1.1 |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single | 345 | 3.7 | 60 | 2.4 |
| Married | 5875 | 63.5 | 1891 | 74.2 |
| Cohabitating | 2973 | 32.1 | 588 | 23.1 |
| Divorced | 17 | 0.2 | 5 | .2 |
| Widowed | 1 | 0.01 | 1 | .0 |
| Separated | 37 | 0.4 | 3 | .1 |
| Missing | 3 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 |
| Education | ||||
| Doctoral Degree (PhD, MD, etc.) | 680 | 9.3 | 275 | 10.8 |
| Master's Degree | 1667 | 18.0 | 577 | 22.6 |
| Bachelor's degree | 3641 | 39.4 | 1059 | 41.6 |
| Completed Trade/Technical Degree | 2360 | 25.5 | 493 | 19.3 |
| Completed High School Diploma | 789 | 8.5 | 138 | 5.4 |
| Less Than High School Diploma | 113 | 1.2 | 6 | .2 |
| Missing | 1 | < 0.01 | 0 | 0 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White (Caucasian) | 7508 | 81.2 | 2191 | 86.0 |
| Aboriginal (First Nations, Metis, Inuit) | 243 | 2.6 | 35 | 1.4 |
| Black | 119 | 1.3 | 30 | 1.2 |
| Chinese | 129 | 1.4 | 37 | 1.5 |
| Filipino | 113 | 1.2 | 24 | .9 |
| Korean | 17 | 0.2 | 6 | .2 |
| Asian | 326 | 3.5 | 76 | 3.0 |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 192 | 2.1 | 50 | 2.0 |
| Mixed race or other | 443 | 4.8 | 99 | 3.9 |
| Missing | 161 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Annual Household Income | ||||
| $200,000+/Year | 902 | 9.8 | 326 | 12.8 |
| $175,000 – $199,999/Year | 576 | 6.2 | 199 | 7.8 |
| $150,000 – $174,999/Year | 999 | 10.8 | 350 | 13.7 |
| $125,000 – $149,999/Year | 1192 | 12.9 | 366 | 14.4 |
| $100,000 – $124,999/Year | 1718 | 18.6 | 507 | 19.9 |
| $70,000 – $99,999/Year | 1793 | 19.4 | 446 | 17.5 |
| $40,000 – $69,999/Year | 1186 | 12.8 | 240 | 9.4 |
| $20,000 – $39,999/Year | 512 | 5.5 | 91 | 3.6 |
| Less Than $20,000/Year | 215 | 2.3 | 23 | .9 |
| Missing | 158 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Province/Territory | ||||
| British Columbia | 1347 | 14.6 | 409 | 16.1 |
| Alberta | 1926 | 20.8 | 690 | 27.1 |
| Saskatchewan | 264 | 2.9 | 82 | 3.2 |
| Manitoba | 376 | 4.1 | 25 | 1.0 |
| Ontario | 2598 | 28.1 | 792 | 31.1 |
| Quebec | 2201 | 23.8 | 360 | 14.1 |
| New Brunswick | 135 | 1.5 | 25 | 1.0 |
| Prince Edward Island | 38 | 0.4 | 8 | .3 |
| Nova Scotia | 209 | 2.3 | 54 | 2.1 |
| Newfoundland | 93 | 1.0 | 25 | 1.0 |
| Yukon | 39 | 0.4 | 10 | .4 |
| Northwest Territories | 20 | 0.2 | 9 | .4 |
| Nunavut | 3 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| Missing | 2 | <0.01 | 0 | 0 |
| Delivery Mode | ||||
| Vaginal | 1787 | 69.2 | ||
| Caesarean | 795 | 30.8 | ||
| Neonatal death/miscarriage | 99 | 3.6 | ||
| Admission to NICU | 245 | 9.5 | ||
a
Primigravida – pregnant for the first time; Multigravida – has been pregnant more than once.
b
Nulliparous – has not given birth previously; primiparous – has given birth once; multiparous – has given birth more than once.