Table 1.

The effect of ISO postconditioning

Animal	Model	Intervention	Conclusion
Rat	Focal cerebral I/R injury	ISO was delivered with the vehicle air (30% O2 and 70% medical air)	ISO promotes angiogenesis, reduces brain cell death after cerebral I/R, and improves recovery.21
Rat	Cerebral I/R injury	ISO (1.5%) was administered for 1 h after immediate reperfusion	ISO reduces infarct volume after cerebral I/R injury and minimizes the cell death.23
Rat	MCAO	Rats in ISO groups inhaled different concentrations of ISO (1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%) for 60 min	The results showed that 1.5% isoflurane postconditioning significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volumes and improved the neurobehavioral deficit scores.30
Mouse	BCCAO	ISO preconditioning (98% O2 and 1.2% ISO) at a rate of 1 h/d for 5 d	ISO preconditioning significantly improved the TMS and reduced neuronal degeneration after cerebral I/R.31

Note: BCCAO: Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion; I/R: ischemia reperfusion; ISO: isoflurane; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; TMS: total motor score.