Flow diagram of patient participation in the study. As a historical control cohort, we used virtual-assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP) data collected between 2012 and 2014. For indocyanine green virtual-assisted ling mapping (ICG-VAL-MAP), we collected data from 2017 to 2020. One patient was excluded because of operation cancelation, 5 were excluded owing to insufficient data on the markings, and 21 were excluded because both dyes, indigo carmine and ICG, were used. ICG, Indocyanine green.