Transplantation with Smad3KO islets shows better glycemic control and improves glucose intolerance in STZ-treated mice. (A, B) Weekly RBG and FBG. Only the mean values of blood glucose are plotted to make the graph concise. Note that islet grafts removal at 16 weeks post-transplantation causes recurred hyperglycemia (arrow in A). (C, D) Quantitation of AUC (area under curve) of RBG and FBG. (E) Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). (F) Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT). (G) Quantitation of AUC for the IPGTT test. (H) Quantitation of AUC for the IPITT test. (I) Quantitation of blood level of HbA1c. (J) Serum insulin level determined by ELISA. Animal numbers used for islet treatment (A, B, E, and F) are indicated in the up panel of the figure. Each dot represents one animal and data are expressed as mean ± SD for C, D and G to J. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus normal mice (ND). #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 versus diabetic mice with sham-operation; $p < 0.05, $$$p < 0.001 versus 100 Smad3WT islets treatment.