Figure 5.

Hypoxia polarizes isolated macrophages to a reparative phenotype. (A) Volcano plot showing the different gene expression levels between M₁ macrophages and M_H macrophages (left) or between M₂ macrophages and M_H macrophages (right). (B) Heat map of upregulated gene expression in M_H macrophages relative to those in M₁ and M₂ macrophages. (C) KEGG analysis of biological pathways associated with the genes upregulated in the M_H macrophages relative to those in the M₁ and M₂ macrophages. (D) Functional enrichment analysis of genes upregulated in the M_H macrophages relative to those in the M₁ and M₂ macrophages. (E) Protein interaction network of genes upregulated in the M_H macrophages relative to those in the M₁ and M₂ macrophages. (F) Gene expression profiles of macrophages polarized toward the M₁, M₂, and M_H phenotypes relative to M_N macrophages. n = 3 per group. Statistical significance was determined by a Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's posttest to correct for multiple comparisons. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to corresponding M_N macrophages.