Figure 3. Elevated ROS in TAZ mutant iPSC-CMs contributes to abnormal Ca²⁺ handling.

A-B. Mitochondrial or cellular ROS levels in BTHH and WT iPSC-CMs were measured by flow cytometry of mitochondria stained with MitoSOX (A) or cells stained with CellROX (B), respectively. C. Levels of the lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE were detected in BTHH and WT iPSC-CMs by ELISA. D. MitoTEMPO (MT) treatment reduced ROS levels in BTHH iPSC-CMs to WT levels. E-H. Effect of MT or TAZ modRNA on BTHH iPSC-CM Ca²⁺ handling. Fura-2 loaded iPSC-CMs were electrically paced at 1 Hz and analyzed by ratiometric Ca²⁺ imaging. Comparisons were to either mock-treated BTHH or mock-treated WT, as indicated by the labelled reference (ref.), using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparison test. *P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, **** P<0.0001. ns, not significant.