TABLE 3. Comparison of Performance of xViTCOS-CT on CT Scan Dataset Against State-of-the-Art Methods.
| Method | Class Label | Precision | Recall | F1-score | Specificity | NPV | Overall Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resnet + Location Attention [25] | Normal | 0.920 | 0.989 | 0.954 | 0.922 | 0.989 | 0.932 |
| Pneumonia | 0.963 | 0.799 | 0.873 | 0.987 | 0.924 | ||
| COVID-19 | 0.906 | 0.955 | 0.930 | 0.969 | 0.986 | ||
| Weighted Avg. | 0.929 | 0.926 | 0.925 | 0.952 | 0.970 | ||
| Macro Avg. | 0.930 | 0.914 | 0.919 | 0.959 | 0.966 | ||
| COVIDNet-CT [15] | Normal | 0.958 | 0.987 | 0.973 | 0.957 | 0.986 | 0.949 |
| Pneumonia | 0.981 | 0.805 | 0.884 | 0.989 | 0.942 | ||
| COVID-19 | 0.906 | 0.988 | 0.945 | 0.960 | 0.995 | ||
| Weighted Avg. | 0.952 | 0.935 | 0.941 | 0.967 | 0.975 | ||
| Macro Avg. | 0.948 | 0.927 | 0.934 | 0.969 | 0.974 | ||
| Teacher-student Attention [37] | Normal | 0.969 | 0.989 | 0.979 | 0.971 | 0.990 | 0.964 |
| Pneumonia | 0.951 | 0.982 | 0.966 | 0.979 | 0.992 | ||
| COVID-19 | 0.957 | 0.877 | 0.915 | 0.987 | 0.963 | ||
| Weighted Avg. | 0.961 | 0.961 | 0.960 | 0.977 | 0.984 | ||
| Macro Avg. | 0.959 | 0.949 | 0.953 | 0.979 | 0.982 | ||
| ResGNet-C [30] | Normal | 0.942 | 0.974 | 0.958 | 0.946 | 0.975 | 0.939 |
| Pneumonia | 0.951 | 0.855 | 0.901 | 0.982 | 0.944 | ||
| COVID-19 | 0.910 | 0.961 | 0.934 | 0.971 | 0.987 | ||
| Weighted Avg. | 0.937 | 0.937 | 0.936 | 0.962 | 0.957 | ||
| Macro Avg. | 0.934 | 0.930 | 0.931 | 0.966 | 0.952 | ||
| xViTCOS-CT (Proposed) | Normal | 0.997 | 0.990 | 0.993 | 0.997 | 0.991 | 0.981 |
| Pneumonia | 0.971 | 0.982 | 0.977 | 0.988 | 0.993 | ||
| COVID-19 | 0.960 | 0.961 | 0.961 | 0.988 | 0.988 | ||
| Weighted Avg. | 0.981 | 0.981 | 0.981 | 0.992 | 0.991 | ||
| Macro Avg. | 0.976 | 0.978 | 0.977 | 0.991 | 0.991 |