1. Trial setting details.
| Study ID | Number of participants at baseline | Country/Countries | Number of sites | Setting(s) | Year recruitment started |
| Mazer 2017 | 5092 | 19 countriesa | 73 | 73 sites ‐ varied | 2014 |
| Carson 2011 | 2016 | USA, Canada | 47 | 47 sites ‐ varied | 2004 |
| Murphy 2015 | 2003 | UK | 17 | 17 sites ‐ varied | 2009 |
| Holst 2014 | 1005 | Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland | 32 | 32 general ICUs | 2011 |
| Jairath 2015 | 936 | UK | 6 | University teaching hospitals | 2012 |
| Villanueva 2013 | 921 | Spain | 1 | General hospital | 2003 |
| Hébert 1999 | 838 | Canada | 25 | Tertiary (22), community ICU (3) | 1994 |
| Koch 2017 | 722 | USA (1), India (1) | 2 | 1 academic affiliated hospital in the USA, a private hospital in India | 2007 |
| Ducrocq 2021 | 668 | France, Spain | 35 | 35 sites ‐ varied | 2016 |
| Lacroix 2007 | 648 | Canada, Belgium, USA, UK | 19 | Tertiary paediatric ICU | 2001 |
| So‐Osman 2013 | 603 | Netherlands | 3 | Varied ‐ university and general hospitals | 2001 |
| Prick 2014 | 519 | Netherlands | 37 | Varied ‐ university and general hospitals | 2004 |
| Hajjar 2010 | 512 | Brazil | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2009 |
| Hoff 2011 | 466 | Denmark | ?? | Oncology centres | 1986 |
| Bracey 1999 | 428 | USA | 1 | University teaching hospital | 1997 |
| Palmieri 2017 | 345 | US (16 sites), Canada (1), New Zealand (1) | 18 | Specialist burn centres | 2010 |
| Tay 2020 | 300 | Canada | 4 | HCT sites | 2011 |
| Bergamin 2017 | 300 | Brazil | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2012 |
| Gregersen 2015 | 284 | Denmark | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2010 |
| Grover 2006 | 260 | UK | 3 | Acute hospitals | Not stated |
| Kola 2020 | 224 | India | 1 | Tertiary hospital | 2015 |
| Parker 2013 | 200 | UK | 1 | General hospital | 2002 |
| de Almeida 2015 | 198 | Brazil | 1 | Tertiary oncology university hospital | 2012 |
| Fan 2014 | 192 | China | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2011 |
| Akyildiz 2018 | 180 | Turkey | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2014 |
| Yakymenko 2018 | 133 | Denmark | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2010 |
| Lotke 1999 | 127 | USA | 1 | University teaching hospital | Not stated |
| Foss 2009 | 120 | Denmark | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2004 |
| Carson 2013 | 110 | USA | 8 | 8 sites ‐ varied | 2010 |
| Walsh 2013 | 100 | UK | 6 | Varied ‐ university and general hospitals | 2009 |
| Bush 1997 | 99 | USA | 1 | University teaching hospital | 1995 |
| DeZern 2016 | 89 | USA | 1 | Tertiary referral centre for oncology | 2014 |
| Carson 1998 | 84 | USA (3), UK (1) | 4 | University teaching hospitals | 1996 |
| Laine 2018 | 80 | Finland | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2014 |
| Hébert 1995 | 69 | Canada | 5 | Tertiary hospitals | 1993 |
| Nielsen 2014 | 66 | Denmark | 2 | University teaching hospital and general hospital | 2009 |
| Gillies 2020 | 62 | UK | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2017 |
| Webert 2008 | 60 | Canada | 4 | Tertiary oncology centres | 2003 |
| Møller 2019 | 58 | Denmark | 1 | General hospital | 2015 |
| Shehata 2012 | 50 | Canada | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2007 |
| Blair 1986 | 50 | UK | 1 | University teaching hospital | Not stated |
| Gobatto 2019 | 47 | Brazil | 1 | University teaching hospital | 2014 |
| Cooper 2011 | 45 | USA | 2 | Veterans' Affairs hospital centres | 2003 |
| Johnson 1992 | 39 | USA | 1 | University teaching hospital | Not stated |
| Stanworth 2020 | 38 | UK, Australia, New Zealand | 12 | 12 sites ‐ varied | 2015 |
| Topley 1956 | 22 | UK | 1 | 'Accident hospital' | Not stated |
| Januarysen 2020 | 19 | Netherlands | 3 | 1 university hospital, 2 general hospitals | 2002 |
| Robitaille 2013 | 6 | Canada | 1 | Not identified | 2009 |
aMazer 2017 (TRICS‐III): majority of sites in USA; sites also in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Egypt, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Malaysia, New Zealand, Romania, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, and Switzerland.