Table 1.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety at three surveys by demographics and pandemic related factors (N = 35,516).

	Depression (%)			Anxiety (%)
Characteristics (n)	T1	T2	T3	T1	T2	T3
Gender
Male (9244)	19.4	25.0	30.9	10.9	14.5	18.6
Female (26,272)	22.6	26.6	33.5	11.7	14.4	18.2
χ2	39.40***	8.63**	20.58***	4.22*	0.09	0.70
Grade
Freshman (12,726)	20.2	23.9	32.8	12.3	16.5	20.0
Sophomore (10,447)	22.3	26.0	34.6	13.0	18.6	20.0
Junior (7258)	22.9	28.3	35.1	12.7	15.7	19.8
Senior (3147)	24.4	30.7	33.6	11.8	13.9	18.6
Postgraduate (1938)	20.5	26.5	30.6	10.0	12.8	16.5
χ2	39.18***	84.18***	53.22***	49.30***	92.28***	49.00***
Residence location
Rural (14,347)	20.9	26.6	33.5	11.7	14.5	18.5
Urban (21,169)	22.3	25.6	32.0	11.2	14.3	18.0
χ2	9.37**	4.64*	8.93**	2.43	0.29	1.42
Only-children family
Yes (7266)	20.8	25.3	31.7	11.4	13.8	17.9
No (28,250)	22.0	26.4	33.2	11.5	14.6	18.4
χ2	5.27*	3.56	5.57*	0.02	3.11	0.92
History of mental illness
Yes (296)	51.4	51.4	55.7	30.7	28.4	34.5
No (35,220)	21.5	26.0	32.7	11.3	14.3	18.2
χ2	153.75***	97.89***	70.88***	109.01***	47.22***	52.07***
Confirmed COVID-19 cases in the community or village
Yes (2352)	29.8	34.8	40.3	16.2	19.7	23.7
No (33,164)	21.2	25.6	32.3	11.1	14.0	17.9
χ2	95.13***	97.40***	64.11***	55.21***	57.74***	48.65***
Relatives or friends being infected with COVID-19
Confirmed/suspected (400)	35.0	37.5	45.0	20.5	21.3	26.8
No (35,116)	21.6	26.0	32.7	11.4	14.3	18.2
χ2	41.77***	26.84***	27.05***	32.40***	15.34***	19.28***

T1 = measured at Time 1, T2 = measured at Time 2, T3 = measured at Time 3.

*p < 0.05

**p < 0.01.

**p < 0.001.