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. 2021 Dec 15;109(24):4050–4067.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.037

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© 2021 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Dissociating contributions of spiking activity and synaptic inputs to LGN-V1 gamma coherence

(A) Example of spontaneously occurring UP and DOWN states in area V1, with raster plots of simultaneously recorded units in LGN and V1 and LFPs in L4 of V1.

(B) Mean V1 and LGN firing rates for UP and DOWN states (LGN: N = 762 neurons, p < 0.001; V1: N = 1596 neurons, p < 0.001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

(C) Top: example of LGN-V1 gamma coherence during UP and DOWN states. Bottom: average gamma coherence during UP and DOWN states (n = 23 mice, p > 0.05; Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

(D) Simultaneous LGN-V1 Neuropixels recordings, together with optogenetic activation (laser-on) of V1 SST+ interneurons.

(E) Average firing activity of V1 neurons during laser-on and -off trials.

(F) Average firing rate changes in V1 and LGN neurons during laser-on trials (V1: N = 104; V1-SST+ opto-tagged: N = 15; LGN: N = 428 neurons; p < 0.001 for all groups; Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

(G) LFP power spectra in L4 of V1 for laser-on and -off.

(H) Average coherence between LGN and L4 of V1 for laser-on and -off (n = 4 sessions, p > 0.05).

(I) Top: phase locking (PPC) in LGN for laser-on and -off (n = 4 sessions, p > 0.05; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Bottom: 40 Hz versus 57 Hz LGN-V1 coherence, separately for laser-on and -off. The weak suppression of LGN-V1 coherence may have been caused by the reduction in gamma phase locking of LGN neurons. This reduction was also observed in Saleem et al. (2017), who activated all subtypes of GABAergic interneurons. Hence LGN firing rates (F) and gamma-band activity may depend partially on corticothalamic feedback, which is unlikely to be gamma-rhythmic given the laminar phase-locking profile of V1 (Figure 5).

(J) Average CSD profile triggered on LGN gamma cycles, together with the concurrent firing rate modulation of the LGN.

(K) Median trial split based on the gamma-power of the LGN sLFP signal, showing LGN power and coherence between LGN and the LFP in L4 of V1 (power: p < 0.05; coherence LGN-V1, p < 0.05; paired t test). Error bars and shadings indicate SEMs.