Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with ventricular septal rupture.
| Parameter | Nonsurvival group | Survival group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 36) | (n = 14) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 72.3 (8.6) | 68.7 (6.9) | 0.176 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 12 (33.3) | 6 (42.9) | 0.529 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 22 (61.1) | 6 (42.9) | 0.243 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 29 (80.5) | 9 (64.3) | 0.278 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 21 (58.3) | 9 (64.3) | 0.700 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 8 (22.2) | 2 (14.3) | 1.000 |
| Positive smoking status, n (%) | 13 (36.1) | 6 (42.9) | 0.659 |
| Pulmonary infection, n (%) | 13 (36.1) | 2(14.3) | 0.179 |
| Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 6 (16.7) | 0 | 0.167 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia, n (%) | 7 (19.4) | 0 | 0.169 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 3 (8.3) | 3 (21.4) | 0.331 |
| Liver failure, n (%) | 5 (13.9) | 1 (7.1) | 0.663 |
| MODS, n (%) | 5 (13.9) | 0 | 0.304 |
| Cardiac and respiratory arrest, n (%) | 4 (11.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0.176 |
| AMI of anterior wall, n (%) | 31 (86.1) | 10 (71.4) | 0.245 |
| AMI of nonanterior, n (%) | 5 (13.9) | 4 (28.6) | |
| Multisite of AMI (percent, %) | 11(30.6) | 1 (7.1) | 0.140 |
| Killip classification I-II, n (%) | 14 (38.9) | 11 (78.6) | 0.012 |
| Killip classification III-IV, n (%) | 22 (61.1) | 3 (21.4) | |
| HR, mean (SD), bpm | 104.3 (15.0) | 94.3 (16.0) | 0.046 |
| SBP, mean (SD), mmHg | 109.3 (17.1) | 119.2 (34.6) | 0.320 |
| DBP, mean (SD), mmHg | 72.5 (12.0) | 78.4 (20.0) | 0.203 |
| LVEF, mean (SD), n (%) | 49.6 (9.9) | 47.50 (8.7) | 0.616 |
| Erythrocyte substitution, n (%) | 6 (16.7) | 5 (28.6) | 0.252 |
| Thrombocyte substitution, n (%) | 2 (5.6) | 1 (7.1) | 1.000 |
| Fresh frozen plasma, n (%) | 3 (8.3) | 0 | 0.550 |
| IABP, n (%) | 35 (97.2) | 11 (78.6) | 0.101 |
| CRRT, n (%) | 4 (11.1) | 0 | 0.201 |
| Ventilator, n (%) | 8 (22.2) | 0 | 0.087 |
| Vasoactive drugs, n (%) | 15 (41.7) | 5 (35.7) | 0.700 |
| CPR, n (%) | 5 (13.9) | 0 | 0.304 |
| INTERMACS 1-2 | 36 (100) | 11 (78.6) | 0.019 |
| INTERMACS 3–5 | 0 | 3 (21.4) |
MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; HR, heart rate; bpm, beat per minute; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LVEF, left ventricle eject fraction; IABP, intraaortic balloon pump; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, INTERMACS profile, The Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support profile. All the values in bold are associated with a statistical difference (P < 0.05).