Table 2. Results from a selected clinical trial using immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
| Agents (Trial) |
Phase | Line | Location | Histology | Enrolled Patients | Regimen | Response Rate | Median PFS | Median OS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nivolumab (ONO-4583-07) | 2 | ≥ 2 | E | SCC | 65 | Nivolumab | 17% | 1.6M | 10.8M |
| Nivolumab (ATTRACTION-3) | 3 | ≥ 2 | E/EGJ | SCC/AC | 419 | Nivolumab vs. PTX or DTX | 19% vs. 22% | 1.7M vs. 3.4M | 10.9M vs. 8.4M |
| Pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-028) | 1 | ≥ 2 | E/EGJ | (PD-L1+) | 23 | Pembrolizumab | All: 30% SCC: 28% AC: 40% |
1.8M | 7.0M |
| Pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-180) | 2 | ≥ 3 | E/EGJ | SCC/AC | 121 | Pembrolizumab | All: 9.9% SCC: 14.3% AC: 5.2% PD-L1(+): 13.8% PD-L1(-): 6.3% |
All: 2.0M SCC: 2.1M AC: 1.9M PD-L1(+): 2.0M PD-L1(-): 2.0M |
All: 5.8M SCC: 6.8M AC: 3.9M PD-L1(+): 6.3M PD-L1(-): 5.4M |
| Pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-181) | 3 | 2 | E/EGJ | SCC/AC | 628 | Pembrolizumab vs. PTX or DTX or CPT-11 | All: 13.1% vs 6.7% PD-L1(+): 21.5% vs. 6.1% SCC: 16.7% vs. 7.4% |
All: 2.1M vs. 3.4M PD-L1(+): 2.6M vs. 3.0M SCC: 2.2M vs. 3.1M |
All: 7.1M vs. 7.1M PD-L1(+): 9.3M vs. 6.7M SCC: 8.2M vs. 7.1M |
| Camrelizumab (ESCORT) | 3 | 2 | E | SCC | 457 | Camrelizumab vs. DTX or CPT-11 | 20.2% vs. 6.4% | 1.9M vs. 1.9M | 8.3M vs. 6.2M |
AC, adenocarcinoma; CPS, combined positive score; CPT-11, irinotecan; DTX. docetaxel; E, esophagus; EGJ, esophagogastric junction; HR, hazard ratio; M, months; OS, overall survival; PD-L1, programmed cell death protein ligand 1; PFS, progression-free survival; PTX, paclitaxel; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.