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. 2022 Jan 1;19(1):175–185. doi: 10.7150/ijms.66737

Figure 6.

Figure 6

HF-ATS coordinates apoptosis and autophagy in xenograft nude mice. (A) TUNEL staining of paraffin-embedded 5 micron-thick tumor sections from HCT116 xenograft-bearing nude mice. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Expression levels of cleaved aspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP in xenograft tumors. (C) Expression levels of SQSTM1 and LC3-II in xenograft tumors. (D) Proposed mechanism of cell death regulated by the HF-ATS in CRC. HF-ATS synergistically induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through activation of caspase-9 and caspase-8. Autophagy is essential for activation of caspase-8, which can be induced by HF or HF-ATS. However, ATS switches to activate capase-8 via induction of autophagy when caspase-9 is inhibited (dotted line). When apoptosis is blocked, HF-ATS switches to induce autophagic death of CRC cells.