Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 36,996 participants in the cohort before infection by SARS-CoV-2, according to sex-specific quintiles of HDL-cholesterol.
| Total | Q1 lowest |
Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 highest |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 1.17 ± 0.10 | 1.33 ± 0.11 | 1.52 ± 0.13 | 1.89 ± 0.27 | <0.001 | |
| Age (years) | 84.6 ± 5.9 | 85.6 ± 6.2 | 85.0 ± 6.0 | 84.5 ± 6.0 | 84.2 ± 5.7 | 83.9 ± 5.6 | <0.001 |
| Any cancer during the preceding 5 years (%) | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 0.865 |
| Hypertension (%) | 65.3 | 64.9 | 67.1 | 66.7 | 65.9 | 61.8 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 29.2 | 42.2 | 34.2 | 28.5 | 23.5 | 17.6 | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 18.9 | 23.2 | 20.0 | 18.6 | 17.1 | 15.5 | <0.001 |
| Chronic renal failure (%) | 7.9 | 10.3 | 9.0 | 7.7 | 6.4 | 5.9 | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 9.3 | 13.5 | 10.2 | 8.9 | 7.1 | 6.7 | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 13.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 13.3 | 14.3 | 0.031 |
| Alzheimer's disease (%) | 13.8 | 18.1 | 14.8 | 13.5 | 11.4 | 11.2 | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease (%): | 21.9 | 30.7 | 23.9 | 20.9 | 17.9 | 16.2 | <0.001 |
| Acute coronary syndrome (%) | 5.7 | 9.0 | 6.6 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 3.2 | <0.001 |
| Angina (%) | 5.6 | 8.1 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 3.9 | <0.001 |
| Stroke (%) | 8.1 | 12.1 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 5.9 | 5.7 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease (%) | 6.0 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 5.4 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Tobacco consumption (%) | 4.9 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 0.598 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 4.7 | 29.5 ± 4.8 | 29.1 ± 4.7 | 28.9 ± 4.5 | 28.2 ± 4.6 | 27.3 ± 4.5 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.65 ± 0.7 | 2.36 ± 0.7 | 2.63 ± 0.7 | 2.71 ± 0.7 | 2.79 ± 0.7 | 2.78 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.6 | 1.68 ± 0.7 | 1.45 ± 0.6 | 1.32 ± 0.5 | 1.20 ± 0.4 | 1.03 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Albumin (mmol/L) | 0.604 ± 0.07 | 0.579 ± 0.07 | 0.598 ± 0.07 | 0.609 ± 0.06 | 0.617 ± 0.06 | 0.627 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.6 ± 1.5 | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 13.5 ± 1.5 | 13.7 ± 1.5 | 13.8 ± 1.4 | 13.8 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (x103/mm3) | 2.50 ± 3.1 | 2.58 ± 4.1 | 2.46 ± 2.5 | 2.48 ± 2.5 | 2.49 ± 2.6 | 2.47 ± 3.3 | 0.132 |
| Statin treatment (%) | 50.2 | 49.8 | 51.0 | 51.0 | 51.0 | 48.4 | 0.003 |
Comparison between continuous variables were performed with ANOVA, and between categorical variables with the χ2 test.