. 2021 Dec 8;12:744437. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744437

TABLE 1.

Microbiological and biochemical characteristics of wet (WB), dried at low temperature (DB), and lyophilized (LB) Spirulina biomass.

	TMB (log10 cfu/g)	LAB (log10 cfu/g)	Lactic acid (mmol/kg d.m.)	Acetic acid (mmol/kg d.m.)	Proteins (mg/g d.m.)	Peptides (mg/g d.m.)	TFAA (mg/g d.m.)
WB	<10 cfu/g^c	<10 cfu/g^c	n.d.	n.d.	180.02 ± 7.66^a	59.3 ± 0.7^e	77.21 ± 2.86^f
WB_A	3.6 ± 0.8^b	3.5 ± 0.6^b	1.8 ± 0.1^c	n.d.	51.96 ± 2.52^e	156 ± 20^c	189.59 ± 7.88^a
WB_F	9.0 ± 0.5^a	9.1 ± 0.7^a	14.6 ± 0.6^ab	7.7 ± 0.3^b	150.90 ± 6.12^b	76 ± 10^d	136.07 ± 5.79^b
WB_AF	8.9 ± 0.7^a	8.8 ± 0.5^a	16.0 ± 0.6^a	8.7 ± 0.4^b	74.15 ± 4.45^d	408 ± 30^a	203.11 ± 10.01^a
DB	<10 cfu/g^c	<10 cfu/g^c	n.d.	n.d.	182.65 ± 8.89^a	21.1 ± 0.7^f	16.30 ± 0.52ⁱ
DB_A	3.5 ± 0.6^b	3.5 ± 0.6^b	n.d.	n.d.	113.96 ± 6.91^c	86.0 ± 0.4^d	52.86 ± 1.64^g
DB_F	9.0 ± 0.8^a	8.9 ± 0.8^a	12.9 ± 0.4^b	6.1 ± 0.3^c	113.68 ± 6.89^c	105 ± 10^d	19.11 ± 0.86ⁱ
DB_AF	9.0 ± 0.6^a	8.8 ± 0.7^a	12.1 ± 0.5^b	5.0 ± 0.2^c	172.64 ± 6.02^a	220 ± 17^b	39.52 ± 4.48^h
LB	<10 cfu/g^c	<10 cfu/g^c	n.d.	n.d.	162.89 ± 11.06^b	74 ± 4^d	109.62 ± 4.66^d
LB_A	3.5 ± 0.9^b	3.4 ± 0.7^b	n.d.	n.d.	50.96 ± 2.57^e	81 ± 5^d	122.54 ± 6.09^cd
LB_F	8.9 ± 0.8^a	8.9 ± 0.9^a	17.6 ± 0.8^a	10.1 ± 0.5^a	102.55 ± 10.89^c	142 ± 2^c	113.12 ± 5.41^cd
LB_AF	8.7 ± 0.6^a	8.6 ± 0.7^a	16.4 ± 0.6^a	11.2 ± 0.6^a	78.30 ± 3.11^d	157 ± 3^c	141.16 ± 5.66^b

TMB, total mesophilic bacteria; LAB, lactic acid bacteria; and TFAA, total free amino acids.

Data are the means of three independent experiments ± standard deviations (n = 3). ^a–iValues in the same column with different superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05). n.d., not detected. All biomasses were also treated with Alcalase^® (A, 1% vol/wt), fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum T0A10 (F, final cell density of circa 7 log10 cfu/g), or fermented and treated with Alcalase^® (AF). Enzymatic and microbial treatments were carried out at 30°C for 24 h.