Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and outcome of cohort
| Baseline characteristics | Dead < 24 h or withdrawal of care | Hematoma evacuation < 24 h | Conservative treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 98 | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| Number of patients (n, %) | 22 (23%) | 28 (29%) | 48 (49%) |
| Age (mean, SD) | 73.1 (13.4) | 68.1 (10.9) | 69.6 (13.1) |
| Female sex | 15 (68%) | 10 (36%) | 24 (50%) |
| Past medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 15 (68%) | 16 (57%) | 23 (48%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (14%) | 5 (18%) | 6 (13%) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 4 (18%) | 10 (36%) | 10 (21%) |
| Ischemic stroke | 2 (9%) | 2 (7%) | 4 (8%) |
| Transient ischemic attack | 3 (14%) | 3 (11%) | 6 (13%) |
| Previous intracerebral hemorrhage | 2 (9%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (8%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 2 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (6%) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 7 (32%) | 8 (29%) | 7 (15%) |
| Medication | |||
| Anticoagulation use | 9 (41%) | 14 (50%) | 16 (33%) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 4 (18%) | 6 (22%) | 14 (29%) |
| Antihypertensive therapy | 12 (55%) | 16 (57%) | 28 (58%) |
| Lipid lowering therapy | 3 (14%) | 10 (36%) | 12 (25%) |
| Clinical condition on admission [GCS score] (median, IQR) | 3 (3–6) | 12 (11–13) | 14 (12–15) |
| Intensive care unit (ICU) | 7 (32%) | 28 (100%) | 13 (27%) |
| CT characteristics | |||
| Baseline ICH volume (median, IQR) | 25.0 (16.9–43.5) | 25.1 (18.0–33.1) | 14.1 (10.0–22.7) |
| Intraventricular extension | 16 (73%) | 20 (71%) | 20 (42%) |
| Hydrocephalus | 14 (64%) | 22 (79%) | 15 (31%) |
| Medical management | |||
| Prothrombin complex concentrate | 4 (18%) | 11 (39%) | 13 (27%) |
| Vitamin K | 2 (9%) | 8 (29%) | 8 (17%) |
| Platelet transfusion | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (6%) |
| Surgical management | |||
| EVD placement < 24 h | 3 (14%) | 24 (86%) | 4 (13%) |
| EVD placement > 24 h | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (15%) |
| Length of stay in days (median, IQR) | 1 (0–1) | 23 (13–32) | 15 (7–19) |
| Outcome at discharge | |||
| Discharge mRS (median, IQR) | 6 (6–6) | 4 (4–5) | 4 (3–4) |
| mRS < = 3 | 0 (0%) | 4 (14%) | 17 (35%) |
| mRS 4–5 | 0 (0%) | 19 (68%) | 28 (58%) |
| Died during hospitalization | 22 (100%) | 5 (18%) | 3 (6%) |
| Outcome at 3 months (n = 92: 22, 27 and 46*) | |||
| mRS (median—IQR) | 6 (6–6) | 4 (3–6) | 3 (2–6) |
| mRS < = 3 | 0 (0%) | 7 (26%) | 25 (54%) |
| mRS 4–5 | 0 (0%) | 12 (44%) | 8 (17%) |
| Death | 22 (100%) | 8 (30%) | 13 (28%) |
CT computed tomography, EVD external ventricular drainage, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale score, ICH intracerebral hemorrhage, IQR interquartile range, mRS modified Rankin Scale score, SD standard deviation
*Two lost to follow-up in the no secondary surgery group