Table 2.
Sustained conservative therapy versus secondary hematoma evacuation
| Baseline characteristics | All patients n (%) |
No secondary surgery n (%) |
Secondary surgery n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (n, %) | 48 | 41 | 7 |
| Age (mean, SD) | 69.6 (13.1) | 71.2 (11.8) | 60.6 (17.6) |
| Female sex | 24 (50%) | 21 (51%) | 3 (43%) |
| Past medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 23 (48%) | 20 (49%) | 3 (43%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (13%) | 5 (12%) | 1 (14%) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 10 (21%) | 9 (22%) | 1 (14%) |
| Ischemic stroke | 4 (8%) | 4 (10%) | 0 (0%) |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | 6 (13%) | 6 (15%) | 0 (0%) |
| Previous intracerebral hemorrhage | 4 (8%) | 4 (10%) | 0 (0%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 3 (6%) | 3 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 7 (15%) | 7 (17%) | 0 (0%) |
| Medication | |||
| Anticoagulation use | 16 (33%) | 16 (39%) | 0 (0%) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 14 (29%) | 13 (32%) | 1 (14%) |
| Antihypertensive therapy | 28 (58%) | 25 (61%) | 1 (43%) |
| Lipid lowering therapy | 12 (25%) | 11 (37%) | 1 (14%) |
| Clinical condition on admission [GCS score] (median, IQR) | 14 (12–15) | 14 (12–15) | 14 (13–15) |
| Intensive care unit (ICU) | 13 (27%) | 7 (17%) | 6 (86%) |
| CT characteristics | |||
| Baseline ICH volume (median, IQR) | 14.1 (10.0–22.7) | 12.7 (9.2–22.0) | |
| Intraventricular extension | 20 (42%) | 17 (42%) | 3 (43%) |
| Hydrocephalus | 15 (31%) | 10 (24%) | 5 (71%) |
| Medical management | |||
| Prothrombin complex concentrate | 13 (27%) | 13 (32%) | 0 (0%) |
| Vitamin K | 8 (17%) | 8 (20%) | 0 (0%) |
| Platelet transfusion | 3 (6%) | 3 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
| EVD placement < 24 h | 6 (13%) | 5 (12%) | 1 (14%) |
| EVD placement > 24 h | 7 (15%) | 3 (8%) | 4 (57%) |
| Outcome at discharge | |||
| mRS (median—IQR) | 4 (3–4) | 4 (3–4) | 4 (3–4) |
| mRS 0–3 | 17 (35%) | 15 (37%) | 2 (29%) |
| mRS 4–5 | 28 (58%) | 23 (56%) | 5 (71%) |
| Died during hospitalization | 3 (6%) | 3 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
| Outcome at 3 months (n = 46, 39, 7*) | |||
| mRS (median—IQR) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–6) |
| mRS 0–3 | 25 (54%) | 20 (51%) | 5 (71%) |
| mRS 4–5 | 8 (17%) | 8 (21%) | 0 (0%) |
| Death | 13 (28%) | 11 (28%) | 2 (29%) |
CT computed tomography, EVD external ventricular drainage, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale score, ICH intracerebral hemorrhage, IQR interquartile range, mRS modified Rankin Scale score, SD standard deviation
*Two lost to follow-up in the no secondary surgery group