Table 1.

Impact of different factors on stability of “radiomics,” adapted from Timmeren et al. [19]

	Robustness		Reproducibility	Classification performance
	Image acquisition	Reconstruction	Segmentation	Post-processing	Feature extraction
MRI	Field strength, sequence design, acquired matrix size, field of view, slice thickness, acceleration techniques, vendor, contrast timing, movement	Reconstructed matrix size, reconstruction technique	Manual/semi-automated/automated, 2D or 3D, ROI size	Image interpolation, intensity discretization, normalization	mathematical formula, post-processing platform
CT	Tube voltage, milliamperage, pitch, field of view, pixel spacing, slice thickness, acquisition mode, vendor, contrast timing, movement	Reconstruction matrix, slice thickness, reconstruction kernel, reconstruction technique
PET	Field of view, pixel spacing, slice thickness, injected activity, acquisition time, scan timing, duty cycle, vendor, movement	Reconstruction matrix, slice thickness, reconstruction technique, attenuation correction