Table 1.
Sociodemographic, clinical, and head motion comparisons among PD-non pRBD, PD-pRBD and HC.
| PD-non pRBD (n = 32) | PD-pRBD (n = 27) | HC (n = 30) | Test stat | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic and clinical data | |||||
| Sex, male, n (%) | 21 (65.6) | 23 (85.2) | 13 (43.3) | 10.863a | 0.004f,g |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 64.5 (9.9) | 68.8 (9.2) | 67.5 (7.7) | 1.827b | 0.167 |
| Education, y, mean (SD) | 12.8 (5.3) | 11.4 (5.4) | 11.4 (4.0) | 1.255c | 0.534 |
| Age of onset, y, mean (SD) | 58.2 (10.5) | 59.2 (9.6) | NA | 0.378d | 0.707 |
| Disease duration, y, mean (SD) | 6.3 (3.6) | 8.6 (5.0) | NA | 1.977d | 0.055 |
| LEDD, mean (SD) | 516.6 (277.4) | 707.8 (469.2) | NA | 336.5e | 0.146 |
| MDS-UPDRS-Part III, mean (SD) | 15.4 (10.2) | 17.1 (8.1) | NA | 314.5e | 0.228 |
| H&Y stage, n, 1/2/2.5/3/4 | 6/17/1/6/0 | 2/11/0/10/1 | NA | 5.689a | 0.224 |
| UPSIT, mean (SD) | 18.9 (6.8) | 16.8 (6.8) | 29.2 (4.3) | 39.319c | < 0.001f,g |
| RBD-I, symptoms/answers, mean (SD) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.56 (0.14) | 0.05 (0.07) | 59.453 | < 0.001g,h |
| Mean interframe head motion | |||||
| Rotation, degrees, mean (SD) | 0.051 (0.033) | 0.051 (0.030) | 0.039 (0.020) | 2.215c | 0.330 |
| Translation, mm, mean (SD) | 0.100 (0.057) | 0.095 (0.043) | 0.124 (0.058) | 2.523b | 0.086 |
| Maximum interframe head motion | |||||
| Rotation, degrees, mean (SD) | 0.308 (0.215) | 0.327 (0.200) | 0.267 (0.165) | 0.840c | 0.657 |
| Translation, mm, mean (SD) | 0.377 (0.190) | 0.481 (0.211) | 0.502 (0.170) | 7.164c | 0.028f |
PD-non pRBD Parkinson’s disease patients without probable REM sleep behavior disorder, PD-pRBD Parkinson’s disease patients with probable REM sleep behavior disorder, HC healthy controls, y years, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily doses, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, H&Y Hoehn and Yahr scale, UPSIT University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, RBD-I Innsbruck REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Inventory.
aChi-squared test.
bAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test.
cKruskal–Wallis H test followed by Mann–Whitney U test.
dt-test.
eMann–Whitney U test.
fPost-hoc differences between PD-non pRBD and HC (p < 0.05).
gPost-hoc differences between PD-pRBD and HC (p < 0.05).
hPost-hoc differences between PD-non pRBD and PD-pRBD (p < 0.05).