Table 4.

Mitochondrial miRNAs associated with Synaptic Function.

Sl. No.	microRNA	Function	Target Genes	Regulation in AD	References
1	mir-34a	Impacts presynaptic and postsynaptic activity and promotes the dysfunction of synaptic plasticity	VAMP2, SYT1, HCN, NR2A, GLUR1	Upregulated in AD	(Sarkar et al., 2016)
2	miR-132/212	Enhance neurotransmission and involved in synaptic plasticity	PTEN, FOXO3a, P300, NOS1, MMP-9 (miR-132), p250GAP (miR-132)	Downregulated in AD	(Wayman et al., 2008; Lambert et al., 2010; Remenyi et al., 2013; Wong et al., 2013; Jasinska et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2017)
3	miR-218	Downregulates protein involved in protection against neurotoxins, thus potentially resulting in synaptotoxicity	PRKN	Downregulated in AD	(Di Rita et al., 2020)
4	miR-455-3p	Enhances synaptic activity and is associated with the upregulation of the synaptic genes, synaptophysin and PSD95	APP	Upregulated in AD	(Kumar and Reddy, 2019)
5	miR-484	Potentially plays role in neurotransmission and long-term plasticity	Fis1, BCL2L13, 46 genes in common between predicted targets of miR-484 and module M1 turquoise	Downregulated in AD	(Wingo et al., 2020)