Represents the relative treatment effect for TAVR vs. SAVR in the combined Medicare linked CoreValve SURTAVI and High Risk trials by PFI tertile and trial outcome. The red diamonds indicate the point estimate for the adjusted hazard ratio and the horizontal blue lines indicate the 95% confidence interval for the adjusted hazard ratio for each outcome. The estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values for TAVR vs. SAVR (TAVR as reference) within each PFI tertile are provided to the right of the forest plot. The p-value for the interaction of PFI tertile and treatment group (i.e. TAVR vs. SAVR) for each given outcome is provided. Estimates are adjusted for age, sex, Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score, Logistic EuroSCORE, history of diabetes mellitus, coronary artery bypass grafting, congestive heart failure, and presence of aortic calcification. Individuals in tertile 1 (T1) had a PFI ≤ 0.18, those in tertile 2 (T2) had a PFI 0.19–0.28, and those in tertile 3 (T3) had a PFI ≥ 0.29. AKI = acute kidney injury, HR = hazard ratio, MACCE = major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event, MI = myocardial infarction, PFI = phenotype-based frailty index, SAVR = surgical aortic valve replacement, TAVR = transcatheter aortic valve replacement, TIA = transient ischemic attack.