. 2021 Nov 18;30(1):129–141. doi: 10.1002/oby.23303

TABLE 1.

Discovery and replication participant subset characteristics and winsorized variable means and standard deviations (SD)

Variable		Discovery			Replication
Groups		Surgery (n = 137)	Nonsurgery (n = 66)	All (n = 203)	Surgery (n = 97)	Nonsurgery (n = 78)	All (n = 175)
Gender (M)		20%	12%	17%	12%	11%	12%
Age (exam 1, y)		46.4 ± 10.5	47.1 ± 11	46.6 ± 10.9	40.1 ± 10	43.9 ± 12.3	41.8 ± 11.2
BMI (exam 1, kg/m²)		46.4 ± 7.1	44.6 ± 6.4	45.8 ± 6.9	46.1 ± 6.4	45.3 ± 7.5	45.8 ± 6.9
BMI (exam 2, kg/m²; n = 204)		29.7 ± 5.5 (n = 137)	NA	NA	34.3 ± 9.1 (n = 67)	NA	NA
BMI (exam 4, kg/m²)		34.6 ± 8.0	44.8 ± 7.5	37.9 ± 9.1	35.0 ± 8.8	45.0 ± 8.9	39.6 ± 10.2
Diabetes (exam 1, %)		34	38	35	8	32	19
Diabetes (exam 4, %)		17	38	24	7	54	28
Changes in clinical variables (exam 4‐exam 1)
FFM (kg)	M ± SD	−13.4 ± 6.7	−2.4 ± 6.5	−9.9 ± 8.4	−13.5 ± 7.0	−4.9 ± 7.4	−9.8 ± 8.4
FFM (kg)	n	127	59	186	91	70	161
FM (kg)	M ± SD	−22.2 ± 11.5	−2.1 ± 10.3	−15.8 ± 14.5	−21.0 ± 11.6	−1.2 ± 10.1	−12.4 ± 14.7
FM (kg)	n	127	59	186	91	70	161
BMI (kg/m²)	M ± SD	−11.5 ± 5.4	−0.2 ± 5.6	−7.8 ± 7.6	−11.0 ± 5.5	−0.2 ± 5.3	−6.2 ± 7.6
BMI (kg/m²)	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
REE (kcal)	M ± SD	−550 ± 238	−301 ± 215	−478 ± 257	−569 ± 260	−325 ± 249	−452 ± 282
REE (kcal)	n	79	32	111	50	46	96
AST (U/l)	M ± SD	−0.5 ± 8.1	−2.4 ± 8.5	−1.1 ± 8.3	−0.5 ± 10.0	−4.0 ± 7.8	−2.1 ± 9.2
AST (U/l)	n	136	66	202	96	77	173
ALT (U/l)	M ± SD	−5.0 ± 11.3	−2.7 ± 13.1	−4.3 ± 11.9	−4.4 ± 15.0	−5.4 ± 12.8	−4.8 ± 14.0
ALT (U/l)	n	137	66	203	97	77	174
Uric acid (mg/dL)	M ± SD	−0.7 ± 1.2	0.1 ± 1.3	−0.4 ± 1.3	−0.8 ± 1.3	−0.2 ± 1.2	−0.6 ± 1.3
Uric acid (mg/dL)	n	137	65	202	96	77	173
SBP (mmHg)	M ± SD	−4.6 ± 19.1	9.3 ± 21.5	−0.1 ± 20.9	−2.0 ± 21.5	8.8 ± 20.3	2.8 ± 21.6
SBP (mmHg)	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
DBP (mmHg)	M ± SD	−1.4 ± 13.9	5.5 ± 14.0	0.8 ± 14.3	1.1 ± 14.9	7.0 ± 14.4	3.7 ± 14.9
DBP (mmHg)	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
Glucose (mg/dL)	M ± SD	−13.3 ± 20.7	−2.5 ± 23.9	−9.8 ± 22.3	−7.5 ± 14.0	−1.9 ± 25.9	−5.0 ± 20.3
Glucose (mg/dL)	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
Insulin (μU/mL)	M ± SD	−10.8 ± 11.8	−6.7 ± 13.9	−9.5 ± 12.6	−11.3 ± 13.0	−6.2 ± 12.8	−9.1 ± 13.1
Insulin (μU/mL)	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
HOMA‐IR	M ± SD	−3.1 ± 3.4	−2.0 ± 4.1	−2.8 ± 3.7	−2.9 ± 3.5	−1.5 ± 3.9	−2.3 ± 3.7
HOMA‐IR	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
HOMA‐B	M ± SD	−71 ± 147	−69 ± 177	−70 ± 157	−100 ± 179	−38 ± 166	−73 ± 175
HOMA‐B	n	133	63	196	96	76	172
HbA_1c (%)	M ± SD	0.01 ± 0.93	0.25 ± 1.00	0.09 ± 0.96	0.07 ± 0.76	0.44 ± 1.22	0.23 ± 1.01
HbA_1c (%)	n	136	66	202	97	78	175
TG (mg/dL)	M ± SD	−70.6 ± 59.8	−24.8 ± 56.8	−55.7 ± 62.5	−73.0 ± 67.3	−33.9 ± 69.7	−55.6 ± 70.9
TG (mg/dL)	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
LDL‐C (mg/dL)	M ± SD	−2.9 ± 29.5	26.4 ± 29.7	6.6 ± 32.5	−3.4 ± 30.6	27.8 ± 28.4	10.5 ± 33.4
LDL‐C (mg/dL)	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
HDL‐C (mg/dL)	M ± SD	13.7 ± 12.6	2.2 ± 9.4	10.0 ± 12.8	15.6 ± 13.8	2.3 ± 9.0	9.7 ± 13.6
HDL‐C (mg/dL)	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
FRS (%)	M ± SD	−2.3 ± 3	−0.8 ± 2	−1.8 ± 3	−1.0 ± 2	−0.8 ± 2	−0.9 ± 2
FRS (%)	n	137	66	203	97	78	175
DMINC	%	0	0	0	3	21	24
DMINC	n	91	41	132	88	51	139
DMREM	%	23	0	23	4	5	9
DMREM	n	46	25	71	8	25	33

Exam 1: baseline exam; exam 2: exam at 2 years; exam 4: exam at 12 years. Only 204 of the 234 participants who had gastric bypass surgery had available exam 2 proteomic measurements.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DMINC, diabetes incidence at 12 years; DMREM, diabetes remission at 12 years; FFM, fat‐free mass; FM, fat mass; FRS, Framingham Risk Score for 10‐year cardiovascular disease incidence; HbA_1c, hemoglobin A_1c; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA‐B, homeostatic assessment of insulin secretion; HOMA‐IR, homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; NA, not measured at exam 2; REE, resting energy expenditure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides.