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. 2021 Dec 16;51(2):423–438. doi: 10.1007/s13280-021-01665-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Study site area of the Lena Delta in Northeast Siberia (a). Lena River and Delta including the ArcticGRO station in Zhigansk, the gauge station in Kyusyur, and the Samoylov Station (b). Transect and sampling sites of the cruises in winter (white dots) and summer (red dots), Samoylov Island, sampling site for soil incubations and the one-year data set, Sobe-Sibe Cliff (c)