Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis by depression, anxiety, and stress.
| Variables | Depression | Anxiety | Stress | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | P -value | AOR (95% CI) | P -value | AOR (95% CI) | P -value | |
| Age | ||||||
| Younger age | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | ||
| Middle age | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) | 0.547 | – | – | 0.88 (0.68–1.14) | 0.339 |
| Older age | 1.37 (0.69–2.72) | 0.355 | – | – | 1.07 (0.56–2.03) | 0.828 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Female | 1.34 (1.15–1.55) | <0.001 | 1.62 (1.41–1.86) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.57–2.05) | <0.001 |
| Education | ||||||
| Below university | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | 0.766 | 1.06 (0.88–1.28) | 0.517 | 0.92 (0.77–0.1.09) | 0.357 |
| University | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | ||
| Unmarried | 1.87 (1.41–2.49) | <0.001 | – | – | 1.72 (1.41–2.11) | <0.001 |
| Family members | ||||||
| Up to 4 | 1.72 (1.28–2.30) | <0.001 | – | – | 1.53 (1.16–2.02) | 0.003 |
| 5–8 | 1.39 (1.04–1.87) | 0.026 | – | – | 1.26 (0.95–1.66) | 0.104 |
| Above 8 | Ref. | – | – | Ref. | ||
| Monthly income | ||||||
| <20,000 BDT | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 20,000–50,000 BDT | 1.43 (1.16–1.77) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.40–2.06) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.22–1.81) | <0.001 |
| >50,000 BDT | 1.57 (1.23–2.00) | 0.377 | 1.48 (1.19–1.82) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.25–1.94) | <0.001 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Rural | – | – | – | – | Ref. | |
| Urban | – | – | – | – | 0.94 (0.79–1.13) | 0.541 |
| Self-perceived health status | ||||||
| Good | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Poor | 1.81 (1.32–2.47) | <0.001 | 2.37 (1.74–3.22) | <0.001 | 2.12 (1.60–2.79) | <0.001 |
| COVID-19 affected people in family | ||||||
| Yes | – | – | 1.39 (1.01–1.93) | 0.043 | 1.13 (0.84–1.51) | 0.402 |
| No | – | – | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| COVID-19 affected people in area | ||||||
| Yes | 1.28 (1.09–1.50) | 0.002 | 1.24 (1.06–1.44) | 0.005 | 1.31 (1.12–1.53) | <0.001 |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Income status change during the COVID-19 | ||||||
| Yes | 1.06 (0.88–1.29) | 0.501 | 1.17 (0.98–1.40) | 0.081 | 1.26 (1.06–1.51) | 0.008 |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Possibility of decreasing income | ||||||
| Yes | 1.61 (1.31–1.98) | <0.001 | 1.18 (0.97–1.44) | 0.086 | 1.37 (1.13–1.67) | 0.001 |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Probability of losing job | ||||||
| Yes | 1.38 (1.13–1.67) | 0.001 | 1.37 (1.15–1.64) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.94–1.32) | 0.209 |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Food scarcity during the pandemic | ||||||
| Yes | 1.97 (1.49–2.60) | <0.001 | 2.70 (2.07–3.50) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.18–1.85) | 0.001 |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Probability of food scarcity in future | ||||||
| Yes | 1.40 (1.17–1.69) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.23–1.74) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.14–1.59) | 0.001 |
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||