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. 2022 Jan 1;13(1):153–161. doi: 10.7150/jca.61918

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.

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PAK3 promotes the expression of EMT-related molecules through the TGFβ/Smad pathway. (a) GSEA was used to found that PAK3 can promote EMT. (b) EMT-related transcription factor (Snail, Twist1, and ZEB1) expression in HepG2 and Huh7 cells was measured by qRT-PCR. (c) Western blotting was performed to detect EMT-related molecule (N-cadherin, Snail, and ZEB1) expression in HepG2, Huh7 and Hep3B cells. (d) Immunofluorescence analysis of PAK3 and Snail expression in Huh7 cells. (e) Western blotting assays show that PAK3 overexpression increases, while PAK3 knockdown decreases, Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation but does not affect total Smad2 or Smad3 expression. (f) Schematic depicting the function of PAK3 in HCC. ***P < 0.001; ****P<0.0001.