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The effect of different tramadol (TR) concentrations (1.7–600 µM) on ROS formation in the rat liver isolated mitochondria. Values represented as mean ± SEM (n = 5). *(p < 0.05); **(p < 0.01): Significantly different from control group. $$(p < 0.01): Significantly different from 1.7 µM group. ##(p < 0.001): significantly different from 5 µM group. ^(p < 0.05): significantly different from 10 µM group.
