Table 2.

Functional and morphological adaptations following the general preparation phase and competitive preparation phase in elite female rowers.

Training period	Parameter	Change	Change (%)	Effect size (Cohen's d)		P-Value
General preparation phase (n = 19)	Rowing ergometer performance	+5.9 ± 7 W	+2 ± 2%	0.22	Small	0.004*
	Muscle volume	+0.3 ± 41 mL	+0.3 ± 7%	0.003	Negligible	0.978
	Fascicle length	−0.59 ± 1.0 cm	−5 ± 8%	−0.47	Small	0.020*
	PCSA	+3.43 ± 8 cm2	+6 ± 14%	0.35	Small	0.182
	Pennation angle	+0.71 ± 3°	+4 ± 16%	0.18	Small	0.301
Competitive preparation phase (n = 7)	Rowing ergometer performance	+17.8 ± 11 W	+5 ± 3%	0.52	Medium	0.010*
	Muscle volume	+53.7 ± 84 mL	+8 ± 13%	0.32	Small	0.141
	Fascicle length	+1.21 ± 1.9 cm	+13 ± 19%	0.93	Large	0.150
	PCSA	−1.01 ± 16 cm2	−0.4 ± 28%	−0.07	Negligible	0.872
	Pennation angle	−1.76 ± 2°	−9 ± 15%	−0.71	Medium	0.110

^*P < 0.05.