TABLE 1.
Distribution of observed hospital cost, length of stay, and ICU admission stratified by predictors in adult patients with RSV‐associated hospitalizations
| Predictors | N = 601 | Costs (2020 $) | LOS (days) | ICU admission | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n, % | Mean [CI95] | Mean [CI95] | % | ||
| Age (years) | |||||
| Mean: 67 [CI95 65–68] | |||||
| 18–49 (reference) | 85 (14%) | $11,124 [$6522–$17,386] | 10 [6–14] | 22% | |
| 50–64 | 173 (29%) | $7384 [$5743–$9534] | 6 [5–7] | 11%* | |
| ≥65 | 343 (57%) | $8241 [$6957–$9758] | 8 [7–9] | 15% | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male (reference) | 249 (41%) | $8763 [$7003–$10,893] | 7 [6–9] | 16% | |
| Female | 352 (59%) | $8148 [$6669–$9943] | 8 [7–9] | 14% | |
| Comorbidities (reference: No) | |||||
| Chronic lung | Yes | 296 (49%) | $7672 [$6552–$8968] | 7 [6–8] | 17% |
| No | 305 (51%) | $9111 [$7157–$11,483] | 8 [7–9] | 13% | |
| Cardiovascular | Yes | 337 (56%) | $9707* [$7827–$11,896] | 8 [7–9] | 15% |
| No | 264 (44%) | $6738 [$5673–$7983] | 7 [6–9] | 14% | |
| Immunosuppression | Yes | 174 (29%) | $8359 [$6760–$10,222] | 8 [6–9] | 13% |
| No | 427 (71%) | $8420 [$6949–$10,169] | 8 [7–8] | 16% | |
| Neurologic | Yes | 145 (29%) | $6824* [$5025–$9429] | 7 [6–8] | 10% |
| No | 456 (76%) | $8904 [$7533–$10,506] | 8 [7–9] | 16% | |
| Diabetes mellitus | Yes | 257 (43%) | $7596 [$6386–$9068] | 7 [7–8] | 15% |
| No | 344 (57%) | $9006 [$7223–$11,137] | 8 [7–9] | 14% | |
| Obesity | Yes | 179 (30%) | $7810 [$5903–$10,630] | 7 [6–8] | 12% |
| No | 422 (70%) | $8653 [$7287–$10,199] | 8 [7–9] | 16% | |
| Chronic kidney disease | Yes | 168 (28%) | $9022 [$7036–$11,370] | 8 [7–10] | 15% |
| No | 433 (72%) | $8163 [$6799–$9825] | 7 [6–8] | 15% | |
| Chronic liver disease | Yes | 42 (7%) | $13,422 [$7129–$21,471] | 9 [6–13] | 16% |
| No | 559 (93%) | $8025 [$6913–$9340] | 7 [7–8] | 15% | |
| Comorbid condition count | |||||
| 0 (reference) | 33 (5%) | $6501 [$3303–$11,620] | 9 [4–16] | 24% | |
| 1–3 | 470 (78%) | $8359* [$7069–$9892] | 8* [7–8] | 15% | |
| ≥4 | 98 (16%) | $9250* [$6459–$12,848] | 7 [6–9] | 12% | |
| Living situation on admission | |||||
| Independent (reference) | 277 (46%) | $8609 [$6761–$10,901] | 7 [6–8] | 15% | |
| At home with assistance of friends, family, or aide | 245 (41%) | $7105 [$5661–$8970] | 7 [6–8] | 10% | |
| Skilled nursing facility/assisted living | 79 (13%) | $11,706* [$8694–$15,199] | 12* [9–15] | 27%* | |
| RSV season | |||||
| 2017–2018 (reference) | 287 (48%) | $9375 [$7557–$11,518] | 8* [7–9] | 16% | |
| 2018–2019 | 314 (52%) | $7160 [$6182–$9286] | 7 [6–8] | 14% | |
| Met SIRS criteria | |||||
| Yes | 265 (44%) | $10,025* [$8205–$12,165] | 8* [7–10] | 21%* | |
| No (reference) | 336 (56%) | $7123 [$5751–$8892] | 7 [6–8] | 10% | |
| LOS (days) | |||||
| Mean: 8 [CI95 7–8] | |||||
| 1–3 (reference) | 158 (26%) | $2815 [$2473–$3197] | NA | 4% | |
| 4–6 | 214 (36%) | $4874* [$3948–$6406] | NA | 7% | |
| 7–10 | 127 (21%) | $8367* [$6817–$11,033] | NA | 15%* | |
| ≥11 | 102 (17%) | $24,485* [$19,945–$30,066] | NA | 47%* | |
| Admitted to ICU | |||||
| Yes | 88 (15%) | $20,577* [$15,909–$26,623] | 16* [13–20] | NA | |
| No (reference) | 513 (85%) | $6313 [$5367–$7455] | 6 [6–7] | NA | |
| ICU LOS (days) | |||||
| Mean: 9 [CI95 7–11] | |||||
| 0 (reference) | 515 (86%) | $6319 [$5378–$7456] | 6 [6–7] | NA | |
| 1–2 | 16 (3%) | $7010 [$4204–$11,008] | 6 [4–9] | NA | |
| ≥3 | 70 (12%) | $24,024* [$18,537–$31,310] | 18* [15–23] | NA | |
| Mechanical ventilation | |||||
| Yes | 62 (10%) | $24,074* [$17,936–$32,209] | 18* [14–23] | NA | |
| No (reference) | 539 (90%) | $6599 [$5662–$7694] | 6 [6–7] | NA | |
| Ventilator‐days a | |||||
| Mean: 11 days [CI95 8–14] | |||||
| 0 (reference) | 523 (87%) | $6421 [$5478–$7545] | 6 [6–7] | NA | |
| 1–7 | 30 (7%) | $12,534* [$9568–$15,890] | 10* [8–13] | NA | |
| ≥8 | 31 (6%) | $33,505* [$23,740–$47,157] | 25* [19–33] | NA | |
| Antibiotic use | |||||
| Yes | 459 (76%) | $8883* [$7594–$10,424] | 8* [8–9] | 18%* | |
| No (reference) | 142 (24%) | $6852 [$4659–$9828] | 5 [4–6] | 4% | |
| Died during hospitalization | |||||
| Yes (reference) | 27 (4%) | $8108* [$6936–$9468] | 12 [9–17] | 63% | |
| No | 574 (96%) | $14,669 [$9140–$21,350] | 7* [7–8] | 37%* | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; NA, not applicable; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; SIRS, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.
a
Ventilator‐days were unavailable for one patient.
*
p < 0.05 when compared against reference.