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. 2021 Oct 17;16(1):125–131. doi: 10.1111/irv.12910

TABLE 1.

Pathogens, specimen sites, and test methods included

Pathogen
Viruses RSV, influenza A, influenza B, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), adenovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, echovirus, enterovirus
Bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus Group A, Streptococcus Group B, Escherichia coli, Chlamydia trachomatis, Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumophila
Specimen sites Pathogen
Upper respiratory Nose, throat, nasopharyngeal aspirate, per‐nasal, pharyngeal, upper respiratory tract Viruses & pertussis
Lower respiratory Alveolar lavage, bronchial, endotracheal, lower respiratory tract, lung, sputum, trachea, chest drain, pleural All pathogens
Normally sterile site Ascitic fluid, blood, cerebrospinal fluid Bacteria (excluding pertussis) & enterovirus
Test method
Antigen detection, culture, and genomic/PCR/LCR detection