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. 2022 Jan 1;12(2):542–557. doi: 10.7150/thno.64340

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(A) Schematic diagram of the preparation of PLL-MNPs and the mechanism of diagnosis of OA cartilage degeneration with PAI. (B) PA images of cartilage after immersion in different contrast media for 24 hours. Scale bar: 5 mm. (C) PA images of early and late stages of OA with PLL-MNPs, PA post-treatment monitoring after hyaluronic acid (HA) injection, and its comparison with Mankin scoring system results. Figures adapted with permission from Ref. 92. Copyright © 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry.