Figure 3.

Trained immunity in macrophages alters the expressions of inflammatory cytokines under secondary stimulation. (A) Schematic of ex vivo trained immunity experimental setup (n = 3). After treatment, peritoneal macrophages were obtained and rest overnight before secondary stimulation. (B) Fold changes of inflammatory cytokines were determined by quantitative PCR at 6 h after macrophages treated with E. coli^a. (C) Cytokines production in cells was determined by ELISA at 24 h after LPS treatment. (D) Schematic of in vitro trained immunity experimental setup. (E) Fold changes of inflammatory cytokines were determined by quantitative PCR at 6 h after LPS stimulation. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.