Table 3.
The prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidium spp. in the rodents.
| Animal species | Locations total samples no. | Positive/total samples (%) | Cryptosporidium species/genotypes positive no. | gp60 subtypes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus) | Japan (206); England (511); China (491); Iran (106); Nigeria (134); Czech Republic (−) | 17.2% (249/1448) | C. parvum (164); C. ubiquitum (1); C. ratti (37); rat genotype IV (35); C. occultus (5); C. tyzzeri (1); rat genotype III (1); rat genotype V (5); C. muris (4); C. andersoni (4); rat genotype II (1); C. meleagridis (1); C. ryanae (1); | IIdA15G1 |
| House Rat (Rattus rattus) | Japan (346); New Zealand (8); Spain (102); Iran (40); Australia (85) | 26.3% (153/581) | C. parvum (1); rat genotype II/III (10); C. muris (14); C. meleagridis (1); C. ratti (1); C. sp. 1 (1) | – |
| House mouse (Mus musculus) | England (715); New Zealand (17); USA (303); Spain (78); Iran (63); China (31); Czech Republic (45) | 22.0% (276/1252) | C. muris (61); C. parvum (60); C. tyzzeri (51); C. sp. 2 (1); rat genotype II (2); rat genotype III (2) | Ixa; Ixb |
| Yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) | Poland (331); Spain (2); Belgium (2); Czech Republic (274); Finland (2); France (16); Germany (10); Serbia (14); Slovakia (35); Slovak Republic (196) | 26.2% (66/252) | C. parvum (70); C. ditrichi (43); C. apodemi (11); apodemus genotype I (8); C. tyzzeri (1); apodemus genotype II (4); C. microti (2); C. muris (3); C. scrofarum (5); C. environment (3); C. suis (4) | IXaA8; XVIIIa; XVIIa; IIaA16GlRlb; IIaA18G3R1; IIiA10 |
| Myod glareolus (Clethrionomys glareolus) | Poland (836); Finland (141); Spain (49); England (123); USA (301) | 30.7% (445/1450) | C. parvum (442); C. muris (2) | – |
| Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) | Poland (274); Czech Republic (328); Slovak Republic (75) | 42.8% (290/677) | C. parvum (203); C. alticolis (7); C. microti (46); vole genotype II (1); vole genotype III (1); vole genotype IV (3); vole genotype V (2); vole genotype VI (1); vole genotype VII (6); C. scrofarum (4); C. environment (4); muscrat genotype I (3) | IIaA18G3R1; IIaA10G1R1 |
| Common field vole (Microtus agrestis) | Finland (131) | 0.8% (1/131) | – | – |
| Wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) | England (230); Spain (278); Czech Republic (25); France (4); Netherlands (6); Serbia (3); Slovakia (8) | 30.0% (166/554) | C. parvum (132); C. muris (18); C. ditrichi (3); C. tyzzeri (1); C. apodemi (2) | IXcA6 |
| Algerian mouse (Mus spretus) | Spain (22) | 27.3% (6/22) | C. parvum (1); C. muris (5) | – |
| Apodemus speciosus | Japan (33) | 12.1% (4/33) | C. muris (2); C. muris novel genotype (2) | – |
| White-footed mice (Peromyscus sp.) | USA (2706) | 8.2% (222/2706) | C. parvum (165) | – |
| Red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi) | USA (5) | 80.0% (4/5) | – | – |
| Prairie vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) | USA (307) | 5.2% (16/307) | C. parvum (13) | – |
| Striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) | Slovak Republic (107) | 31.8% (34/107) | C. scrofarum (19); C. environment (2); muscrat genotype II (3); C. parvum (8); C. hominis (1) | IbA10G2; IIcA5G3a; IIaA18G3R1; IIiA10 |
| Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) | Poland (9); USA (353); Spain (90) | 26.3% (119/452) | C. parvum (85); C. muris (5); muskrat genotype I (24); muskrat genotype II (6) | – |
| California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) | USA (1162) | 12.8% (149/1162) | C. parvum (149) | – |
| Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) | USA (106) | 17.0% (18/106) | C. parvum (6) | – |
| Red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) | USA (80); China (333) | 9.4% (39/413) | C. parvum (9); rat genotype II (8); ferret genotype (13); chipmunk genotype III (5); C. ratti (4); | – |
| Eurasian Red Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) | Italia (70); USA (2) | 25.0% (18/72) | ferret genotype (15); chipmunk genotype I (2) | – |
| Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) | USA (268); China (20) | 23.0% (66/288) | C. parvum (38); ferret genotype (3); ferret genotype + C. parvum (1); C. muris + C. parvum + chipmunk genotype III (1); chipmunk genotype II (28); chipmunk genotype IV (−) | – |
| Woodchuck (Marmota monax) | USA (38); Czech Republic (−) | 7.9% (3/38) | C. parvum (2); C. andersoni (1) | – |
| American Beaver (Castor canadensis) | USA (170) | 4.1% (7/170) | C. parvum (2) | – |
| Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber) | Poland (82); Slovak Republic (19) | 19.8% (20/101) | C. parvum (16) | – |
| North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) | USA (18) | 11.1% (2/18) | C. parvum (2) | |
| Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) | Brazil (145) | 5.5% (8/145) | C. parvum (8) | – |
| Root rat (Tachyoryctes splendens) | Kenya (−) | – | C. proliferans | – |
| Striped field mouse (A. agrarius) | Latvia (11); Lithuania (3); Romania (2); Serbia (4); Slovakia (33); Slovak Republic (72) | 16.8% (21/125) | apodemus genotype II (5); C. ditrichi (2); C. apodemi (12); C. parvum (1); C. hominis (1) | XVIIIa; IIaA16G1R1b; IbA10G2 |
| Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) | China (350); Australia (29); Italia (60); Brazil (5); England (1) | 50.8% (226/445) | C.rairi (159); C. homai (39); C. muris (1); C. parvum (1) | – |
| Chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) | China (420); Japan (63) | 11.0% (53/483) | C. ubiquitum (49); C. parvum (3); chipmunk genotype V (1); C. varanii (−) | – |
| Djungarian Hamster (Phodopus sungorus) | China (226) | 38.9% (88/226) | hamster genotype (31), C. andersoni (40); C. muris (8); C. parvum (4); C. andersoni + C. parvum (2); C. muris + C. parvum (2); | – |
| Chipmunk (Tamias) | China (4) | 75.0% (3/4) | ferret genotype (2); chipmunk genotype V (1) | – |
| Pteromys volans (Siberian flyingsquirrel) | China (1) | 100% (1/1) | C. ubiquitum (1) | XIIi |
| Cricetid rodents | USA (586); Czech Republic (493) | 33.2% (362/1089) | – | – |
| Nutria (Myocastor coypus) | Czech Republic (120); Slovak Republic (30) | 8.0% (12/150) | C. parvum (1); C. ubiquitum (5); C. myocastoris (5) | IIa; XXIIb; XXIIa; XIId; |
| Red-bellied treesquirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) | China (287); USA (302) | 23.1% (136/589) | C. parvum (1); C. wrairi (1); rat genotype II (2); C. rubeyi (2); squirrel genotypes I (2); squirrel genotypes II (1); squirrel genotypes III (2); C. ubiquitum (19); skunk genotype (4); deer mouse genotype III (5) | – |
| Bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis) | China (1960) | 15.8% (309/1960) | C. parvum (158); C. occultus (4); C. ubiquitum (85); bamboo rat genotype I (54); bamboo rat genotype II (1); bamboo rat genotype III (5); C. muris (1) | IIpA9; IIpA6; IIoA15G1; IIoA13G1 |
| Porcupine (Hystrix hodgsoni) | China (147) | 6.8% (10/147) | C. tyzzeri (3); rat genotype III (1) | – |
| Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) | China (79) | 50.6% (40/79) | rat genotype IV (24); rat genotype III (8); C. occultus (1); C. erinacei (1); C. parvum (3); C. muris (3) | – |
| Edward's long-tailed rat (leopoldamys edwardsi) | China (38) | 55.3% (21/38) | C. viatorum (11); rat genotype IV (8); rat genotype III (2) | XVcA2G1a (4); XVcA2G1b (1); XVdA3 (1) |
| Muridae | China (10) | 40.0% (4/10) | rat genotype III (2); rat genotype IV (2) | – |
| Brandt vole (Microtus brandti) | China (678) | 18.7% (127/678) | C. suis, C. environmental; muskrat genotype II; novel genotype of Brandt's vole | – |
| Spermophilus ground squirrel | USA (−) | – | C. rubeyi (−) | – |
| White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) | USA (1071) | 6.9% (74/1071) | – | – |
| Yellow-bellied Marmot (Marmota flaviventris) | USA (224) | 14.7% (33/224) | C. parvum (33) | – |
| Australian Mice (Mus domesticus) | Australia (250) | 7.6% (19/250) | C. tyzzeri (6); mouse genotype II (11) | – |
| Indian mole rat (Bandicota bengalensis) | Iran (25) | 36.0% (9/25) | C. muris (9) | – |
| Asian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus) | Czech Republic (−) | – | C. muris (−) | – |
| Qinghai vole (Lasiopodomys fuscus) | China (90) | 8.9% (8/90) | C. parvum (3); C. canis (1); C. ubiquitum (1); Qinghai vole genotype (3) | – |
| Swamp rats | Australia (21) | 14.3% (3/21) | C. viatorum (3) | XVbA2G1 |
| Prairie vole (Meadow vole) | USA (10) | 10.0% (1/10) | Vole genotype I (1) | – |
| Deer mouse | USA (177) | 32.2% (57/177) | Deer mouse I (13); Deer mouse II (3); Deer mouse III (20); Deer mouse IV (21); | – |
| Laboratory rats | China (355); Czech Republic (−) | 0.6% (2/355) | C. ubiquitum (1); Cryptosporidium spp. (1); C. muris (−) | |
| Wild rats | Philippines (194); Japan (14); China (228); Poland (266); Malaysia (223); Korea (188) | 33.0% (387/1173) | C. muris (25); C. scrofarum (4); C. ratti (1); rat genotypes II (19); rat genotypes III (23); rat genotypes IV (6); C. occultus (5); C. ubiquitum (10); Naruko genotype (1); C. viatorum (25); C. parvum (13); C. meleagridis (1); chipmunk genotype I (8); bear genotype (14). | XVaA6; XVaA3g; XVaA3h; XVcA2G1; IIaA15G2R1; IIaA17G2R1; IIaA16G3R1 |
Note: “-” indicates unknown information.