TABLE 3.

Relation between methods of electrical stimulation and electrochemical characterisation methods and their relevance for the numerical model.

Stimulation signal	Characterisation method	Relevance
DC current/voltage	Chronopotentiometry/Chronoamperometry	Monophasic signals contain DC component
Sine wave	Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)	Frequency sweep permits to characterise entire system (Figure 2), needed to augment FEM model
Rectangular pulse	Broadband impedance spectroscopy	Like EIS, but simultaneous measurement at many frequencies, needed to calibrate numerical model, compare to predictions