Table 3.
Characteristics of serum lipids, apolipoproteins, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-derived lipoprotein particles.
| Parameter | Reference Range (5th–95th %ile)† | Untreated DC (n = 45) median (range) | Androgen-treated DC (n = 9) median (range) | Untreated FA (n = 19) median (range) | Unaffected relatives (n = 72) median (range) | p-value* | p-value⁎⁎ | p-value+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipids and apolipoproteins (mg/dL) | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol | 140 - 256 | 171·6 (98·6 - 254·6) |
193·0 (130·0 - 316·8) |
166·1 (113·6 - 268·3) |
189·3 (83·1 - 280·3) |
0·10 | 0·48 | <0·05 |
| HDL-cholesterol | 41 - 88 | 54·1 (37·9 - 110·6) |
15·4 (8·1- 47·0) |
49·4 (35·6 - 97·7) |
48·4 (33·0 - 103·4) |
<0·001 | 0·11 | <0·001 |
| LDL-cholesterol | 63 - 163 | 93·0 (41·0 - 161·2) |
159·8 (69·0 - 256·3) |
95·1 (50·7 - 196·0) |
116 (40·0 - 191·1) |
<0·001 | 0·42 | <0·001 |
| Total triglyceride | 43 - 276 | 58·5 (19·0 - 427) |
58·3 (24·5 - 166·4) |
61·7 (27·2 - 196·4) |
79·1 (25·0 - 278·3) |
0·40 | 0·12 | <0·001 |
| TRL triglyceride | 25 - 238 | 41·6 (2·4 - 397·2) |
34·6 (6·7 - 126·8) |
47·2 (14·2 - 165·4) |
59·3 (10·0 - 248·4) |
0·48 | 0·13 | <0·001 |
| Apolipoprotein A-1 | 116 - 209 | 137·4 (98·0 - 241·2) |
43·1 (22·2 - 121·0) |
122·8 (88·2 - 208·2) |
127·9 (84·4 - 237·0) |
<0·001 | 0·14 | <0·05 |
| Apolipoprotein B | 53 - 127 | 69·6 (31·4 - 143·6) |
118·5 (52·0 - 197·3) |
76·5 (42·4 - 138·7) |
88·4 (33·1 - 136·2) |
<0·05 | 0·43 | <0·001 |
| Mean particle sizes (nm) | ||||||||
| HDL size | 8·3 - 9·8 | 9·0 (8·3 - 11·5) |
8·5 (7·8 - 9·1) |
9·0 (8·4 - 10·1) |
8·8 (8·1 - 9·7) |
<0·001 | 0·13 | <0·001 |
| LDL size | 20·1 - 21·7 | 20·9 (20·0 - 21·7) |
21·2 (20·0 - 21·9) |
21·1 (19·3 - 21·5) |
21·1 (19·7 - 22·1) |
0·08 | 0·15 | 0·08 |
| TRL size | 33·8 - 60·9 | 40·2 (32·7 - 71·2) |
35·7 (0 - 50·9) |
44·1 (32·5 - 58·4) |
42·5 (34·3 - 70·8) |
<0·05 | 0·06 | <0·05 |
| HDL particle number (μmol/L) | ||||||||
| Total HDL-P | 19·2 - 29·3 | 21·1 (13·3 - 32·9) |
8·2 (3·8 - 19·9) |
20·7 (14·7 - 31·7) |
21·4 (14·9 - 32·6) |
<0·001 | 0·46 | 0·30 |
| Small HDL-P | 8·1 - 19·6 | 12·3 (5·0 - 21·5) |
6·4 (2·4 - 13·0) |
12·0 (9·7 - 25·1) |
14·4 (7·0 - 22·8) |
<0·001 | 0·47 | <0·001 |
| Medium HDL-P | 3·7 - 12·6 | 5·9 (1·1 - 12·6) |
1·7 (0·4 - 10·9) |
6·5 (3·5 - 11·7) |
5·1 (1·0 - 12·5) |
<0·05 | 0·20 | 0·09 |
| Large HDL-P | 0·2 - 6·3 | 2·3 (0·2 - 11·3) |
0·0 (0 - 0·8) |
1·6 (0 - 8·3) |
1·4 (0 - 6·9) |
<0·001 | 0·05 | <0·05 |
| LDL particles (nmol/L) | ||||||||
| Total LDL-P | 891 - 2150 | 1260 (583 - 2504) |
2092 (893 - 3360) |
1265 (673 - 2449) |
1496 (578 - 2427) |
<0·001 | 0·49 | <0·001 |
| Small LDL-P | 13 - 1318 | 384 (0 - 2027) |
532 (0 - 2327) |
429 (0 - 1692) |
415 (0 - 2269) |
0·14 | 0·44 | 0·19 |
| Medium LDL-P | 0 - 1377 | 582 (0 - 1572) |
718 (0 - 1841) |
536 (0 - 1500) |
567 (0 - 1706) |
0·13 | 0·25 | 0·48 |
| Large LDL-P | 17 - 748 | 211 (0 - 962) |
474 (0 - 1173) |
214 (0 - 834) |
274 (0 - 1400) |
<0·05 | 0·35 | 0·07 |
| Triglyceride-rich particle number (TRL-P) (nmol/L) | ||||||||
| Total TRL-P | 42 - 239 | 75·5 (13·6 - 276·6) |
80·9 (35·6 - 264·9) |
87·7 (11·4 - 191·4) |
128·8 (5 - 291·4) |
0·08 | 0·35 | <0·001 |
| Very small TRL-P (IDL) |
0 - 142·3 | 21·6 (0 - 195·4) |
44·9 (3 - 145·7) |
13·9 (0 - 122·7) |
62·8 (0 - 216·0) |
0·08 | 0·25 | <0·001 |
| Small TRL-P | 7·3 - 124·4 | 36·5 (0 - 113·7) |
41·5 (0 - 224·1) |
48·2 (0·7 - 81·9) |
40·8 (0 - 124·4) |
0·28 | 0·16 | 0·15 |
| Medium TRL-P | 0·3 - 48·4 | 6·3 (0 - 43·2) |
2·5 (0 - 32·3) |
10·5 (0 - 33·3) |
12·1 (0 - 52·0) |
0·06 | 0·08 | <0·001 |
| Large TRL-P | 0 - 12·8 | 0·2 (0 - 21·5) |
0·1 (0 - 0·8) |
0·8 (0 - 11·2) |
0·8 (0 - 16·0) |
0·11 | <0·05 | <0·05 |
| Very large TRL-P (chylomicron) |
0 - 1·6 | 0·1 (0 - 1·0) |
0·1 (0 - 1·0) |
0·1 (0 - 1·4) |
0·1 (0 - 2·6) |
0·19 | 0·20 | 0·14 |
All p-values shown here are Mann-Whitney U analyses.
⁎
Analysis between the untreated DC group and androgen-treated DC group
⁎⁎
Analysis between the untreated DC group and untreated FA group
+
Analysis between the untreated DC group and unaffected DC relatives
†
Reference range values are from a representative sampling (n = 698) of the general population, comprised of apparently healthy men (n = 284) and women (n = 414) aged 18 to 84 years (mean 39 years).
Abbreviations: DC: Dyskeratosis congenita, FA: Fanconi anaemia, HDL: high density lipoprotein, LDL: low density lipoprotein, NS: Not significant (p > 0·05)