Fig. 6. The greatly improved signaling of wrinkled sensors achieved molecular measurements with high-precision. (A) Kanamycin-detecting sensors fabricated from wrinkled substrate are accurate to within ±20% (i.e., the estimated concentration is within 20% of the spiked concentration) over the concentration range 10 μM to 6 mM (light pink). The planar sensors, in contrast, exhibited a much worse signal-to-noise ratio and failed in its accuracy. The dashed lines in all three panels represent ±20% error bands. (B) Doxorubicin-detecting sensors fabricated from wrinkled substrate are accurate to within ±20% (i.e., the estimated concentration is within 20% of the spiked concentration) over the concentration range 6 μM to 300 μM (light pink). The planar sensors, in contrast, fallout from the accurate window due to their unsatisfied signaling. (C) Last, as a third example, ATP-detecting sensors fabricated from wrinkled substrate are accurate to within ±20% (i.e., the estimated concentration is within 20% of the spiked concentration) over the concentration range 20 μM to 8 mM (light pink). The planar sensors, in contrast, fallout from the accurate window due to their unsatisfied signaling.