Functionalized carbon nanomaterial as a nano-catalyst/support for the synthesis of 1,4-DHP and its derivatives^a.

Entry	Catalyst	Temperature (°C)/Ultrasonic probe (W)	Solvent	Time (min)	Yieldb (%)	Ref.
1	Aminated MWCNT	80	EtOH	180	96	43
2	Ultrasound CNT@meglumine	70	EtOH	15	(a) 82–95	44
					(b) 85–94
3	PdRuNi@GO NPs	70	DMF	45	88–93	45

^aReaction conditions: arylaldehyde (1.0 mmol), NH₄OAc (1.0 mmol), ethyl acetoacetate (2.0 mmol), dimedone (1.0 mmol).

^bIsolated yields.