Table 1.
Participant characteristics by APOE4 carrier status. Values listed as either mean (sd), or median [Q1, Q3], or MAD. ∗Based on pooling of imputed values for larger set of patients with complete follow-up and APOE4 status and the CSF error is MAD, for those with imaging the CSF data is complete, so no imputation and errors are (Q1, Q3). †Among those with available BIS data. ‡Among those receiving gas; P-value key: 1equal variance t-test;2χ2 test; 3Wilcoxon's test. ¶WMH burden = [White matter hyperintensity volume/(White matter volume + White matter hyperintensity volume)]. aaMAC, age-adjusted end-tidal minimum alveolar concentration of volatile anaesthetics; BIS, bispectral index; LOS, length of stay; MAD, median absolute deviation; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; sd, standard deviation; Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile.
| Patients with complete follow-up and APOE4 status |
Patients with complete follow-up, APOE4 status, neuroimaging, and CSF samples |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOE4 negative (n=74) | APOE4 positive (n=35) | P value | APOE4 negative (n=33) | APOE4 positive (n=19) | P value | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Age (yr), mean (sd) | 69.6 (6.9) | 68.4 (5.6) | 0.3491 | 68.61 (5.73) | 68.74 (5.15) | 0.9351 |
| Race (%) | 0.3602 | 0.8662 | ||||
| Black or African American | 5 (6.8) | 5 (14.3) | 30 (90.9) | 17 (89.5) | ||
| Caucasian/White | 68 (91.9) | 30 (85.7) | 3 (9.1) | 2 (10.5) | ||
| Not reported/declined | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Sex (male), n (%) | 48 (64.9) | 21 (60.0) | 0.6232 | 22 (66.7) | 12 (63.2) | 0.7982 |
| Height (cm) (Q1, Q3) | 173 [165, 180] | 173 [163, 180] | 0.9533 | 173 [145, 193] | 175 [165, 183] | 0.5333 |
| Weight (kg), mean (sd) | 84.7 (18.0) | 86.7 (19.8) | 0.6101 | 84.95 (18.85) | 89.93 (16.22) | 0.3401 |
| BMI (kg m−2), median [Q1, Q3] | 28.0 [24.5, 31.4] | 29.5 [24.3, 33.1] | 0.5483 | 28.4 [25.1, 31.4] | 30.5 [24.8, 33.1] | 0.2843 |
| Years of education, median [Q1, Q3] | 14.0 [12.0, 17.0] | 16.0 [13.0, 18.0] | 0.1823 | 16 [13, 17] | 16 [12, 18] | 0.8783 |
| MMSE total score, median [Q1, Q3] | 29.0 [28.0, 29.0] | 29.0 [27.0, 29.0] | 0.0653 | 29 [28, 30] | 29 [27, 29] | 0.3993 |
| MMSE category (%) | 0.3422 | 0.3142 | ||||
| <20 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | ||
| 20–24 | 4 (5.4) | 2 (5.7) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 25–30 | 70 (94.6) | 32 (91.4) | 32 (97.0) | 18 (94.7) | ||
| Baseline cognitive index, mean (sd)∗ | 0.09 (0.7) | 0.03 (0.8) | 0.6211 | 0.06 (0.7) | 0.05 (0.8) | 0.9641 |
| Baseline Aβ∗ | 378 (37.9)a | 305 (65.1)a | 0.0013 | 389 [292, 410]b | 298 [245, 376]b | 0.0123 |
| Baseline p-tau∗ | 28 (6.1)a | 25 (6.9)a | 0.2683 | 28 [22, 33]b | 25 [18, 34]b | 0.4193 |
| Baseline P-tau/Aβ∗ | 0.07 (0.02)a | 0.08 (0.02)a | 0.3753 | 0.07 [0.06, 0.09]b | 0.09 [0.06, 0.10]b | 0.4793 |
| Baseline tau∗ | 48 (7.57)a | 47 (9.5)a | 0.3143 | 48 [44, 59]b | 44 [35, 52]b | 0.1863 |
| Baseline tau/Aβ∗ | 0.13 (0.02)a | 0.15 (0.04)a | 0.1663 | 0.13 [0.11, 0.17]b | 0.15 [0.12, 0.19]b | 0.3503 |
| Surgical characteristics | ||||||
| ASA physical status (%) | 0.5802 | 0.7482 | ||||
| 1 | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 2 | 14 (18.9) | 9 (25.7) | 6 (18.2) | 4 (21.1) | ||
| 3 | 57 (77.0) | 26 (74.3) | 25 (75.8) | 15 (78.9) | ||
| 4 | 2 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Surgical service (%) | 0.4732 | 0.3942 | ||||
| Thoracic | 8 (10.8) | 3 (8.6) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (10.5) | ||
| General surgery | 20 (27.0) | 11 (31.4) | 11 (33.3) | 6 (31.6) | ||
| Gynaecology | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (3.0) | 1 (5.3) | ||
| Orthopaedics | 14 (18.9) | 7 (20.0) | 7 (21.2) | 2 (10.5) | ||
| Otolaryngology head and neck | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.5) | ||
| Plastic surgery | 2 (2.7) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | ||
| Urology | 29 (39.2) | 10 (28.6) | 10 (30.3) | 5 (26.3) | ||
| Block type (%) | 0.6912 | 0.1892 | ||||
| None | 62 (83.8) | 31 (88.6) | 27 (81.8) | 18 (94.7) | ||
| Regional | 11 (14.9) | 4 (11.4) | 6 (18.2) | 1 (5.3) | ||
| Epidural | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Surgery duration (min), median [Q1, Q3] | 141 [98, 194] | 143 [105, 228] | 0.6433 | 129 [98, 161] | 145 [84, 261] | 0.4783 |
| Case average BIS,† median [Q1, Q3] | 46.6 (42.0, 51.8) | 45.8 [40.2, 49.3] | 0.7643 | 44.5 [42.5, 51.5] | 46.1 [39.0, 50.6] | 0.9893 |
| Case average aaMAC,‡ median [Q1, Q3] | 0.7 [0.7, 0.8] | 0.8 [0.7, 0.8] | 0.4903 | 0.8 [0.7, 0.9] | 0.7 [0.7, 0.8] | 0.5583 |
| Intraoperative propofol dose (mg), median [Q1, Q3] | 305 [150, 1201] | 552 [170, 1335] | 0.4593 | 200 [140, 970] | 729 [150, 1665] | 0.1543 |
| Hospital LOS (days), median [Q1, Q3] | 2 [1, 3] | 2.0 [1, 3] | 0.6483 | 2 [1, 3] | 2 [1, 3] | 0.7873 |
| Global brain volume metrics | ||||||
| Mean cortical grey matter thickness | – | – | – | 2.52 (0.10) | 2.55 (0.12) | 0.3081 |
| sd cortical grey matter thickness | – | – | – | 0.75 (0.04) | 0.76 (0.06) | 0.5191 |
| Grey matter/total intracranial volume | – | – | – | 0.39 (0.03) | 0.39 (0.03) | 0.7751 |
| White matter/total intracranial volume | – | – | – | 0.33 (0.06) | 0.32 (0.02) | 0.6251 |
| CSF/total intracranial volume | – | – | – | 0.27 (0.05) | 0.28 (0.04) | 0.2501 |
| White matter hyperintensity burden¶ | – | – | – | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.5751 |
Bolded values represent P < 0.05.