FIG 6.

Analysis of the functions of genes encoding secreted proteins in lineage-specific regions (LSRs) among three races of Verticillium dahliae. (A) Information on genes encoding predicted secreted proteins in LSRs among three races of Verticillium dahliae. (B) The role of the genes encoding predicted secreted proteins in a host-pathogen interaction by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Cell death induction was detected for candidate genes in N. benthamiana leaves from 4-week-old plants 6 days after infiltration with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the indicated genes. For immunity-suppressing activity, the candidate genes were coinfiltrated with glycosyl hydrolase family 12 (VdEG1 and VdEG3), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that can induce cell death in N. benthamiana (84), cytotoxicity effector VdNEP1 (85), and the plant nucleus-dependent immunity-inducing effector VdVCR1 (unpublished data) in N. benthamiana. Infiltration of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was used as a negative control. The gene number in red color represents the gene that has the ability to induce moderate cell death. The ratio number on the leaves and at the bottom of leaves represents the number suppressing cell death in the total number of leaves tested. The number in purple represents the total number of secreted proteins in lineage-specific regions (LSRs) with the ability to suppress immunity triggered by the indicated effectors.