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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2021 Sep 20;158:106877. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106877

Table 5.

Summary of Cr (VI) Cell Culture Neurotoxicology Studies

Cell Line Cell Type Compound Dose(s) Duration Observations Reference
Primary anterior pituitary Primary, rat K2Cr2O7 0, 0.1, 1, 10 uM 48 h, 72 h Lactotrophs were more sensitive than gonadotrophs; 10 μM Cr induced ROS for first 2 h; caspase-3 activated after 10 μM Cr for 6, 12, 24 h Quinteros et al., 2007
Primary anterior pituitary Primary, rat K2Cr2O7 10 uM Hours, up to 24 h Increased PFTα suggests p53 is not involved in Cr(VI)-induce apoptosis; oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis Quinteros et al., 2008
Cerebellar granule cells Primary, mouse K2Cr2O7 0.1 – 100 uM 24 h, 48 h Mature neurons are more sensitive to Cr(VI) toxicity than immature neurons Dashti et al., 2014
PC12 Rat pheochromocytoma K2Cr2O7 1 – 100 uM 24 h, 48 h, 72 h ROS and lipid peroxidation significantly increased Dashti et al., 2015
SH-SY5Y Human neuroblastoma K2Cr2O7 1 – 10 uM 24 h Cr(VI) induces neuronal toxicity trough ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis Fu et al., 2020