Table 5.
Cell Line | Cell Type | Compound | Dose(s) | Duration | Observations | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary anterior pituitary | Primary, rat | K2Cr2O7 | 0, 0.1, 1, 10 uM | 48 h, 72 h | Lactotrophs were more sensitive than gonadotrophs; 10 μM Cr induced ROS for first 2 h; caspase-3 activated after 10 μM Cr for 6, 12, 24 h | Quinteros et al., 2007 |
Primary anterior pituitary | Primary, rat | K2Cr2O7 | 10 uM | Hours, up to 24 h | Increased PFTα suggests p53 is not involved in Cr(VI)-induce apoptosis; oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis | Quinteros et al., 2008 |
Cerebellar granule cells | Primary, mouse | K2Cr2O7 | 0.1 – 100 uM | 24 h, 48 h | Mature neurons are more sensitive to Cr(VI) toxicity than immature neurons | Dashti et al., 2014 |
PC12 | Rat pheochromocytoma | K2Cr2O7 | 1 – 100 uM | 24 h, 48 h, 72 h | ROS and lipid peroxidation significantly increased | Dashti et al., 2015 |
SH-SY5Y | Human neuroblastoma | K2Cr2O7 | 1 – 10 uM | 24 h | Cr(VI) induces neuronal toxicity trough ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis | Fu et al., 2020 |