TABLE 3.

Cases in which results of conventional culture and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were discordant

Sample	Conventional culture		Age (mo)	Symptom(s)	Method of urine collection	Leukocyte esterase	WBC		16S rRNA gene sequencing
	Organism(s) and CFU/ml	Interpretation					Count	Unit	Most abundant organism (relative abundance)	Interpretation
6355	E. coli ≥100,000	Likely	6.0	Fever	Catheter	Negative	14	WBC/mm3	Escherichia (0.46)	Unlikely
6407	E. coli ≥100,000	Likely	11.4	Fever	Catheter	Moderate (++)	100	WBC/mm3	Escherichia (0.897)	Possible
6038	E. coli ≥100,000	Likely	47.6	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	100	WBC/mm3	Escherichia (0.61)	Possible
9004	E. coli ≥100,000	Likely	51.0	Urinary symptomsa	Clean catch	Large (+++)	277	WBC/hpfb	Escherichia (0.37)	Unlikely
6512	No growth	Unlikely	5.9	Fever	Catheter	Moderate (++)	25	WBC/mm3	Enterococcus (0.56)	Possible
3004	No growth	Unlikely	41.5	Urinary symptoms	Clean catch	Small (+)			Escherichia (0.82)	Possible
9010	No growth	Unlikely	96.7	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	62	WBC/hpf	Proteus (0.72)	Possible
6401	E. coli 10,000–50,000	Possible	9.8	Fever	Catheter	Large (+++)	23	WBC/mm3	Escherichia (0.99)	Likely
6434	E. coli 10,000–50,000	Possible	8.3	Fever	Catheter	Small (+)	33	WBC/mm3	Bacteroides (0.44)c	Unlikely
9021	Proteus 10,000–50,000	Possible	82.5	Urinary symptoms	Clean catch	Large (+++)	244	WBC/hpf	Proteus (1.00)	Likely
6382	E. coli ≥100,000; Gram-positive cocci ≥100,000	Possible	76.2	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	100	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (0.37)	Unlikely
1081	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms 10,000–50,000	Possible	55.8	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	203	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (0.98)	Likely
6175	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms 10,000–50,000	Possible	93.4	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	135	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (1.00)	Likely
6496	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms 10,000–50,000	Possible	56.4	Fever	Clean catch	Moderate (++)	272	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (0.92)	Likely
6322	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms 10,000–50,000	Possible	57.9	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	100	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (0.98)	Likely
6342	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms 10,000–50,000	Possible	30.8	Fever	Clean catch	Small (+)	25	WBC/mm3	Lachnospiraceae (0.42)	Unlikely
6353	Pseudomonas ≥100,000; Klebsiella 10,000–50,000	Possible	8.8	Fever	Catheter	Small (+)	13	WBC/mm3	Pseudomonas (0.99)	Likely
1082	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms <10,000	Possible	63.5	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	400	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (0.99)	Likely
6023	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms <10,000	Possible	67.6	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	182	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (1.00)	Likely
6418	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms <10,000	Possible	43.7	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	100	WBC/mm3	Escherichia (0.94)	Likely
6500	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms <10,000	Possible	66.2	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	97	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (1.00)	Likely
6521	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms <10,000	Possible	40.1	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	377	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (1.00)	Likely
9001	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms <10,000	Possible	44.2	Urinary symptoms	Clean catch	Moderate (++)	58	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (0.96)	Likely
9011	E. coli ≥100,000; multiple organisms <10,000	Possible	118	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	181	WBC/hpf	Escherichia (1.00)	Likely
6069	E. coli ≥100,000; Gram-positive cocci <10,000	Possible	62.2	Fever	Clean catch	Large (+++)	100	WBC/mm3	Escherichia (0. 94)	Likely
6446	E. coli 10,000–50,000; multiple organisms <10,000	Possible	47.4	Fever	Clean catch	Moderate (++)	72	WBC/mm3	Ezakiella (0.24)	Unlikely

^aUrgency, frequency, dysuria, hesitancy, or incontinence.

^bhpf, high-powered field.

^cE. coli relative abundance, 25%.