TABLE 3.
Paired sample t-tests with adjusted p values for equivalent variables of EMA and EDD on a Likert scale (0–6)
| Mean EMA (SD) | Mean EDD (SD) | p | Cohen’s D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anger | 1.756 (1.723) | 1.870 (1.748) | <0.001* | 0.065 |
| Annoyance | 3.382 (1.931) | 3.414 (1.932) | 0.156 | 0.017 |
| Anxiety | 1.575 (1.42) | 1.648 (1.44) | <0.001* | 0.050 |
| Avoidance | 1.454 (1.477) | 1.422 (1.451) | 0.156 | −0.022 |
| Distracting | 3.242 (1.891) | 3.202 (1.855) | 0.110 | 0.065 |
| Fear | 1.403 (1.399) | 1.425 (1.431) | 0.170 | 0.016 |
| Happy‡ | 2.503 (1.308) | 2.507 (1.247) | 0.815 | 0.003 |
| Invasiveness | 3.461 (1.895) | 3.522 (1.805) | <0.001* | 0.033 |
| Pleasant‡ | 3.649 (2.271) | 3.587 (2.28) | 0.030† | −0.027 |
| Sadness | 1.869 (1.679) | 1.956 (1.697) | <0.001* | 0.051 |
| Stress | 1.831 (1.576) | 2.102 (1.587) | <0.001* | 10.172 |
| Mean early EMA (SD) | Mean EDD (SD) | p | Cohen’s D | |
| Anger | 1.885 (1.777) | 1.997 (1.791) | <0.001* | 0.063 |
| Annoyance | 3.337 (1.954) | 3.372 (1.939) | 0.348 | 0.018 |
| Anxiety | 1.690 (1.447) | 1.750 (1.452) | <0.001* | 0.042 |
| Avoidance | 1.563 (1.514) | 1.550 (1.485) | 0.974 | −0.009 |
| Distracting | 3.199 (1.912) | 3.175 (1.858) | 0.920 | 0.063 |
| Fear | 1.507 (1.43) | 1.532 (1.463) | 0.580 | 0.017 |
| Happy‡ | 2.52 (1.354) | 2.527 (1.283) | 0.974 | 0.006 |
| Invasiveness | 3.374 (1.893) | 3.438 (1.792) | 0.007† | 0.034 |
| Pleasant‡ | 3.408 (2.294) | 3.377 (2.3) | 0.920 | −0.013 |
| Sadness | 2.007 (1.711) | 2.066 (1.726) | <0.001* | 0.035 |
| Stress | 1.988 (1.605) | 2.211 (1.594) | <0.001* | 10.140 |
| Mean late EMA (SD) | Mean EDD (SD) | p | Cohen’s D | |
| Anger | 1.386 (1.5) | 1.503 (1.564) | <0.001* | 0.076 |
| Annoyance | 3.511 (1.857) | 3.534 (1.906) | 1 | 0.013 |
| Anxiety | 1.248 (1.285) | 1.353 (1.361) | <0.001* | 0.079 |
| Avoidance | 1.142 (1.317) | 1.053 (1.28) | 0.012† | −0.068 |
| Distracting | 3.365 (1.826) | 3.276 (1.847) | 0.080 | 0.076 |
| Fear | 1.101 (1.259) | 1.119 (1.287) | 1 | 0.014 |
| Happy‡ | 2.456 (1.164) | 2.448 (1.134) | 1 | −0.006 |
| Invasiveness | 3.709 (1.881) | 3.762 (1.82) | 0.296 | 0.029 |
| Pleasant‡ | 4.339 (2.054) | 4.19 (2.11) | <0.001* | −0.072 |
| Sadness | 1.475 (1.517) | 1.639 (1.572) | <0.001* | 0.106 |
| Stress | 1.379 (1.397) | 1.789 (1.523) | <0.001* | 10.279 |
| Mean early EMA (SD) | Mean late EMA (SD) | P | Cohen’s D | |
| Anger | 1.87 (1.748) | 1.756 (1.723) | <0.001* | Paired Cohen’s D could not be computed due to an unequal number of measures |
| Annoyance | 3.414 (1.932) | 3.382 (1.931) | 0.003† | |
| Anxiety | 1.648 (1.44) | 1.575 (1.42) | <0.001* | |
| Avoidance | 1.422 (1.451) | 1.454 (1.477) | <0.001* | |
| Distracting | 3.202 (1.855) | 3.242 (1.891) | 0.004† | |
| Fear | 1.425 (1.431) | 1.403 (1.399) | <0.001* | |
| Happy‡ | 2.507 (1.247) | 2.503 (1.308) | 0.163 | |
| Invasiveness | 3.522 (1.805) | 3.461 (1.895) | <0.001* | |
| Pleasant‡ | 3.587 (2.28) | 3.649 (2.271) | <0.001* | |
| Sadness | 1.956 (1.697) | 1.869 (1.679) | <0.001* | |
| Stress | 2.102 (1.587) | 1.831 (1.576) | <0.001* |
*
p < 0.001.
†
p < 0.05.
‡
Inverted item.
EDD, end-of-day diary; EMA, ecological momentary assessment.