FIGURE 2.

Mechanism of sarcopenic dysphagia and respiratory sarcopenic disability in aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia may be prevented by resistance training, amino acid supplementation, or drug adjustment in older people with frailty, presbyphagia, or presbypnea. Older people with aspiration pneumonia who are hospitalized in acute care hospitals are at risk of developing whole-body sarcopenia, sarcopenic dysphagia, and respiratory sarcopenic disability due to disease-related sarcopenia and iatrogenic sarcopenia. Rehabilitation nutrition can improve whole-body sarcopenia, sarcopenic dysphagia and respiratory sarcopenic disability.