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. 2021 Dec 2;6(1):bvab169. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvab169

Table 2.

Characterization of hyperglycemia management in patients with Cushing syndrome at time of diagnosis and after remission

Variable Total
N = 174
Pituitary CS
N = 106
Ectopic CS
N = 25
Adrenal CS
N = 43
P
Baseline diagnosis
Duration of hyperglycemia at time of diagnosis with CS, mo, median (range)
Available for n = 164
16 (0-458) 19.5 (0-249) 1 (0-190) 21 (0-458) .02
Type of hyperglycemia, n (%)
DM2 139 (79.9%) 92 (86.8%) 17 (68%) 30 (69.8%) .03
IGT/IFG/Prediabetes 33 (19.0%) 13 (12.3%) 7 (28%) 13 (30.2%)
DM1 2 (1.1%) 1 (0.9%) 1 (4%) 0 (0%)
Baseline HbA 1c , %, median (ranges)
Available for n = 165
6.9 (4.9-13.1) 7.1 (4.9-13.1) 6.75 (5.3-11.4) 6.6 (5.4-11.1) .35
Baseline fasting glucose, mg/dL, median (ranges)
Available for n = 168
132 (60-427) 135 (60-427) 133 (90-368) 130 (80-330) .40
Baseline hyperglycemia therapy b
No therapy, n (%) 41 (23.6%) 17 (16.0%) 6 (24.0%) 18 (41.8%) .003
Patients treated with oral medicationsa, n (%)
No. of oral medications, n (%)
93 (53.4%) 66 (62.3%) 8 (32.0%) 19 (44.2%) .04
1 59 (33.9%) 39 (36.8%) 6 (24.0%) 14 (32.6%)
2 26 (14.9%) 19 (17.9%) 2 (8.0%) 5 (11.6%)
3 8 (4.6%) 8 (7.5%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Patients treated with insulin, n (%) 64 (36.8%) 39 (36.8%) 12 (48.0%) 13 (30.2%) .34
Insulin daily units, median (ranges) 58 (10-360) 75 (15-360) 32.5 (12-155) 48 (10-116) .06
Hyperglycemia during postoperative period, final workup
Resolution of hyperglycemia, n (%) 37 (21.3%) 22 (20.8%) 9 (36%) 6 (14.0%) .001
Improvement of hyperglycemia, n (%) 82 (47.1%) 60 (56.6%) 9 (36%) 13 (30.2%)
Absence of improvement of hyperglycemia, n (%) 55 (31.6%) 24 (22.6%) 7 (28%) 24 (55.8%)
Follow-up HbA 1c , final workup %, median (ranges)
Available for n = 130
6.1 (4.4-11.3) 6.0 (4.4-10.3) 5.9 (4.5-8.1) 6.4 (5.2-11.3) .20
Follow-up fasting glucose, final workup, mg/dL, median (ranges)
Available for n = 141
108 (63-270) 106 (69-224) 97 (82-152) 112 (63-270) .11
Follow-up hyperglycemia therapy, final workup c
No therapy, n (%) 80 (46.0%) 43 (40.6%) 16 (64.0%) 21 (48.8%) .10
Patients treated with oral medicationsa, n (%)
No. of oral medications, n (%)
60 (34.5%) 42 (39.6%) 4 (16.0%) 14 (32.6%) .30
1 44 (25.3%) 30 (28.3%) 4 (16.0%) 10 (23.3%)
2 13 (7.5%) 9 (8.5%) 0 (0%) 4 (9.3%)
3 3 (1.7%) 3 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Patients treated with insulin, n (%) 42 (24.1%) 24 (22.6%) 7 (28.0%) 11 (25.6%) .83
Insulin daily units, median (ranges) 63 (7-236) 73 (12-236) 40 (7-96) 38 (15-125) .24

Abbreviations: CS, Cushing syndrome; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.

a Owing to small sample size, use of noninsulin injectables was not included.

b Patients treated with orals alone, n = 68, insulin alone n = 39, and both orals/insulin n = 25.

c Patients treated with orals alone, n = 44, insulin alone n = 26, both orals/insulin n = 16.