Comparison of present colorimetric method and other detection methods for dual determination of Hg²⁺ and As³⁺ ion in water samples.

Probe	Sensing principles	LODs (Hg2+/As3+)	Ref.
Hg2+	APD-AgNPsa	0.35 μM	14
	Met-AgNPsb	20 nM	15
	AgNPRsc	1.5 μM	16
	NTA-AuNPsd	7 nM	17
	OPD-AuNPse	5.0 nM	18
	N-T-AuNPsf	0.8 nM	19
	AuNSg	0.24 nM	20
	Aptamer-Ag@SiO2 NPsh	0.33 nM	21
	N-doped CNPsi	2.3 nM	22
As3+	PEG-AgNPsj	13.3 nM	23
	Aptamer-AgNPsk	80.1 nM	24
	lAuNPs	133.4 nM	25
	GSH-DTT-CYs-PDCA-AuNPsm	33.3 nM	26
	Rano-CuNPsn	16 nM	27
Hg2+/As3+	DTT-PCDA-AuNPs & Lys-AuNPso	10.8 nM/710 nM	28
	DPL–AuNPs	0.5 nM/0.7 nM	This study

^aAgNPs conjugated with 2-aminopyrimidine-4,6-diol.

^bAgNPs conjugated with methionine.

^cAg nanoprisms.

^dAuNPs conjugated with 3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole.

^eAuNPs in the presence of o-phenylenediamine.

^fAuNPs conjugated with a thymine derivative modified with quaternary ammonium salt.

^gAu nanostars.

^hAptamer-Ag@SiO₂NPs and thiazole orange buffer solution.

ⁱN-doped carbon nanoparticles, CNPs.

^jAgNPs conjugated with polyethylene glycol.

^kAgNPs conjugated with aptamer.

^lAuNPs capped with citrates.

^mAuNPs conjugated with glutathione-dithiothreitol-cysteine-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.

ⁿCuNPs conjugated with ranolazine.

^oAuNPs conjugated with dithiothreitol-10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid and AuNPs conjugated with lysine.