Table 2.
Centrality rankings.
| Main Network |
Before Lockdown |
After Lockdown |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Degree | Closeness | Betweenness | Eigenvector | Degree | Closeness | Betweenness | Eigenvector | Degree | Closeness | Betweenness | Eigenvector | |
| 1 | France | Germany | Germany | France | France | Germany | France | France | Germany | Germany | Germany | Germany |
| 2 | Germany | South Africa | France | Germany | Germany | France | Germany | Germany | France | France | France | France |
| 3 | Hong Kong | France | Hong Kong | Peru | Hong Kong | South Africa | Hong Kong | USA | Hong Kong | South Africa | Hong Kong | Sweden |
| 4 | Japan | Hong Kong | South Africa | Belgium | USA | Hong Kong | South Africa | Belgium | UK | Sweden | South Africa | South Africa |
| 5 | Sweden | Sweden | South Korea | USA | Sweden | Sweden | Taiwan | Netherlands | Canada | Netherlands | Netherlands | Netherlands |
| 6 | South Africa | Portugal | Malaysia | UK | Netherlands | Belgium | Belgium | Peru | Netherlands | Belgium | Sweden | Belgium |
| 7 | Philippines | Greece | Philippines | Italy | Saudi Arabia | USA | USA | Spain | Sweden | USA | Norway | Poland |
| 8 | Peru | Ireland | Taiwan | Mexico | Taiwan | Netherlands | Singapore | Switzerland | Belgium | Poland | Belgium | USA |
| 9 | USA | Romania | Indonesia | Netherlands | Belgium | Poland | Sweden | Sweden | Austria | Italy | UK | Italy |
| 10 | UK | Peru | Japan | Switzerland | Singapore | Ireland | Netherlands | South Africa | UAE | Ireland | USA | Ireland |
| 11 | Italy | Poland | UAE | Spain | Philippines | Portugal | Malaysia | Hong Kong | Singapore | Romania | Israel | Romania |
| 12 | South Korea | Belgium | Sweden | South Africa | Peru | Peru | Peru | Poland | Peru | Portugal | Canada | Portugal |
| 13 | Mexico | South Korea | Peru | Sweden | China | Spain | Saudi Arabia | Ireland | USA | Hong Kong | Singapore | Greece |
| 14 | Indonesia | USA | Belgium | Portugal | Japan | Switzerland | Philippines | Portugal | Japan | Greece | Saudi Arabia | Spain |
| 15 | Netherlands | UK | Egypt | Greece | UK | Taiwan | South Korea | Canada | South Korea | Spain | Austria | Mexico |
| 16 | Saudi Arabia | Italy | Portugal | Ireland | Canada | Singapore | Austria | Brazil | Indonesia | Mexico | Peru | Hong Kong |
| 17 | Switzerland | Mexico | Greece | Romania | South Korea | South Korea | Spain | Mexico | Saudi Arabia | Norway | UAE | UK |
| 18 | Taiwan | Netherlands | Poland | Hong Kong | Spain | China | Switzerland | Austria | Switzerland | UK | South Korea | Norway |
| 19 | Poland | Switzerland | USA | Austria | Switzerland | India | China | Greece | Taiwan | Finland | Poland | Austria |
| 20 | Belgium | Spain | UK | Argentina | Austria | Austria | Greece | UK | Poland | Switzerland | Greece | Switzerland |
| 21 | Austria | Taiwan | Italy | Chile | Malaysia | Greece | Canada | Turkey | Argentina | Canada | Switzerland | Canada |
| 22 | UAE | China | Mexico | Brazil | South Africa | Norway | UK | Colombia | Norway | Austria | Taiwan | Finland |
| 23 | Malaysia | India | Netherlands | Canada | Vietnam | Israel | Vietnam | Chile | Israel | Singapore | Argentina | Turkey |
| 24 | Egypt | Singapore | Switzerland | Turkey | Czech Republic | Finland | Japan | Italy | South Africa | Turkey | Indonesia | Thailand |
| 25 | Portugal | Malaysia | Austria | Norway | Greece | Canada | Czech Republic | Denmark | Greece | Thailand | Japan | Singapore |
| 26 | Greece | Israel | Saudi Arabia | Denmark | India | UK | Poland | Norway | China | South Korea | Italy | New Zealand |
| 27 | China | Finland | Ireland | Colombia | Italy | Brazil | Ireland | Israel | India | Taiwan | Ireland | South Korea |
| 28 | India | Russia | Romania | Poland | Brazil | Mexico | Portugal | Finland | Italy | China | Romania | Taiwan |
| 29 | Brazil | New Zealand | Spain | Israel | Russia | Turkey | India | Taiwan | Brazil | India | Portugal | China |
| 30 | Canada | Austria | China | Finland | Australia | Colombia | Norway | Singapore | Russia | New Zealand | Spain | India |
| 31 | Russia | Argentina | India | New Zealand | Mexico | Chile | Israel | South Korea | Spain | Israel | Mexico | Peru |
| 32 | Spain | Chile | Singapore | Russia | Indonesia | Italy | Finland | China | Australia | Peru | Finland | Israel |
| 33 | Australia | Pakistan | Israel | Taiwan | Turkey | Denmark | Brazil | India | Mexico | Russia | Turkey | Russia |
| 34 | Turkey | Brazil | Finland | South Korea | Poland | Malaysia | Mexico | Argentina | Turkey | Argentina | Thailand | Argentina |
| 35 | Thailand | Canada | Russia | China | Thailand | Vietnam | Turkey | Czech Republic | Thailand | Denmark | China | Pakistan |
| 36 | Nigeria | Turkey | New Zealand | India | Nigeria | Saudi Arabia | Colombia | New Zealand | Nigeria | Nigeria | India | Czech Republic |
| 37 | Argentina | Norway | Argentina | Singapore | Argentina | Thailand | Chile | Russia | Ireland | Pakistan | New Zealand | Denmark |
| 38 | Norway | Denmark | Chile | Czech Republic | Norway | Japan | Italy | Saudi Arabia | Malaysia | Czech Republic | Russia | Nigeria |
| 39 | Israel | Colombia | Pakistan | Pakistan | UAE | Pakistan | Denmark | Malaysia | Philippines | Indonesia | Denmark | Indonesia |
| 40 | Ireland | Japan | Brazil | Japan | Israel | Czech Republic | Thailand | Vietnam | Denmark | Japan | Nigeria | Malaysia |
| 41 | Singapore | Philippines | Canada | Malaysia | Ireland | New Zealand | Pakistan | Thailand | Colombia | Malaysia | Pakistan | Japan |
| 42 | Denmark | Czech Republic | Turkey | Thailand | Denmark | Argentina | New Zealand | Japan | Bangladesh | Vietnam | Czech Republic | Vietnam |
| 43 | Colombia | Australia | Norway | Australia | Colombia | Russia | Argentina | Pakistan | Egypt | Saudi Arabia | Malaysia | Colombia |
| 44 | Bangladesh | Thailand | Denmark | Vietnam | Bangladesh | Philippines | Russia | Romania | Chile | Colombia | Vietnam | Chile |
| 45 | Chile | Vietnam | Colombia | Philippines | Egypt | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Philippines | Pakistan | Chile | Colombia | Saudi Arabia |
| 46 | Pakistan | Indonesia | Czech Republic | Indonesia | Chile | UAE | UAE | UAE | Finland | Brazil | Chile | Brazil |
| 47 | Finland | Nigeria | Australia | Nigeria | Pakistan | Egypt | Egypt | Egypt | Vietnam | Philippines | Brazil | Philippines |
| 48 | Vietnam | UAE | Thailand | UAE | Finland | Australia | Australia | Bangladesh | Czech Republic | Australia | Philippines | Australia |
| 49 | Czech Republic | Egypt | Vietnam | Egypt | Romania | Romania | Romania | Australia | Romania | UAE | Australia | UAE |
| 50 | Romania | Saudi Arabia | Nigeria | Saudi Arabia | Portugal | Indonesia | Indonesia | Indonesia | Portugal | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Bangladesh |
| 51 | New Zealand | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Bangladesh | New Zealand | Nigeria | Nigeria | Nigeria | New Zealand | Egypt | Egypt | Egypt |
Notes: The four most common measures of centrality (Degree, Closeness, Betweenness and Eigenvector) were used to depict and reveal the most central economies during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. Rankings categorized by before/after lockdown and the main network for the whole sample. The higher the ranking is, the more influence has the country in the network.