Literature review of the average of heavy metals concentrations (mg kg−1) in other countries.
| Country | As | Cr | Cd | Cu | Ni | Pb | Co | Zn | Mn | Al | Fe | Dominant waste management practice | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delhi | — | 0.23 | — | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.27 | — | 0.14 | 1.0 | 78.7 | 58.1 | Landfilling | 46 |
| Nigeria | 2.1 | 29.2 | 1.8 | 168.9 | 16.6 | 83.4 | 3.3 | 1883.3 | 295.5 | 2930.7 | 15 091.7 | Open dumping | 16 |
| Malaysia | 0.38 | 17.4 | 3.4 | 392.0 | 14.0 | 90.4 | — | 602.0 | 928.0 | 12 261.0 | 5367.0 | Incinerating | 47 |
| Spain | 2.2 | 7.24 | 0.32 | — | 5.92 | 18.6 | — | — | — | — | — | Landfilling (60%) | 18 |
| Serbia | 23.4 | 147.2 | 0.51 | 121.9 | 52.1 | 54.4 | — | 254.4 | — | — | — | Landfilling | 17 |
| China | 31.2 | 76.3 | 0.38 | 30.5 | 31.8 | 26.7 | — | 120.2 | — | — | — | Landfilling + incinerating | 3 |
| Italy | 5.9 | 84.7 | 0.46 | 68.7 | 73.4 | 39.3 | — | 127.0 | — | — | — | Landfilling (22%) + incinerating (18%) + composting (21%) | 48 |
| Tehran | 2.6 | 82.7 | 0.36 | 38.9 | 30.3 | 42.5 | 14.5 | 133.9 | 1005.4 | 66 178.0 | 38 276.2 | Landfilling | Present study |