Table I.
Summary of key data demonstrating the efficacy and safety of oral rinse agents
| Oral rinse agent | Efficacy | Safety |
|---|---|---|
| PVP-I | In vitro: Short contact therapy (15-60 s) with 0.23%-1.5% PVP-I caused a significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral load.1, 3 5% dilution completely blocked viral infectivity.4 In vivo: 1% PVP-I for 60 s substantially reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load over 3 h.3, 5 0.5% PVP-I for 30 s considerably diminished salivary SARS-CoV-2 6 h after use.2 |
There are no known adverse effects of concentrations up to 2.5%, used for up to 5 consecutive mo.5 Contraindicated in patients with iodine allergy, thyroid disease, pregnancy, or radioactive iodine use.5 |
| CHX | In vitro: 12% CHX had minimal antiviral efficacy against coronaviruses.1 50% dilution completely blocked viral infectivity; 5% dilution moderately suppressed viral infectivity.4 In vivo: 0.2% CHX for 30 s showed inconsistent and variable efficacy among study subjects.2 0.12% CHX for 15 s led to a transient decrease in the level of SARS-CoV-2 2 h after treatment.1, 5 |
Adverse effects include teeth staining, supragingival calculus formation, and gustatory changes.5 |
| H2O2 | In vitro:1.5- 3% H2O2 for 15-30 s failed to produce adequate antiviral activity.3 5% dilution of Colgate Peroxyl (1.5% H2O2) completely blocked viral infectivity.4 In vivo: 1% H2O2 for 30 s showed no significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 at 30 min after treatment.5 |
No known adverse effects.4 |
| Listerine Antiseptic Original (20%-30% ethanol and essential oils) | In vitro: 50% dilution completely blocked viral infectivity; 5% dilution moderately suppressed viral infectivity.4 |
No known adverse effects.4 |
| Colgate Plax (CPC) | In vivo: 0.075% CPC for 30 s significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 load for up to 6 h after treatment.2 |
No known adverse effects.2 |
CHX, Chlorhexidine; CPC, cetylpyridinium chloride; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; PVP-I, povidone-iodine; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.