Table 1.
Published studies with cardiac screening post COVID-19 in athletes.
| Study | Clark et al [12] | Rajpal et al [13] | Starekova Et al [14] | Brito et al [15] | Malek et al [16] | Martinez et al [17] | Moulson et al [20] | Hendrickson et al [18] | Daniels et al [19] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Design | Retro Obs | Prosp Obs | Retro Obs | Cross Obs | Retro Obs | Cross Obs | Prosp Obs | NA | Retro Obs |
| Study size (cMRI performed) | 59 (59) | 26 (26) | 145 (145) | 160 (48) | 26 (26) | 789 (30) | 3018 (317) | 137 (5) | 1597 (1597) |
| Control group | 60 military personal & athletes (h); 27 Healthy controls (i) | no | no | 20 Athletes (cMRI not performed) | no | no | no | no | no |
| Blind read | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Mean Age | 20 (19-22)b | 19.5 (1.5)a | 19.6 (1.3)a | 19 (18-21)b | 24 (21-27)b | 25 (3)a | 20 (1)a | 20 (18-27)c | NC |
| Mean Time to cMRI (SD or Median IQR) | 21.5 (13-37)b | 26 (10)a | 15 (11-194)c | 27 (22-33)c | 32 (22-62)b | 19 (17)a | 33 (18-63)b | 22 (11)a | 22 (10-77)c |
| T1 Elevation No./total No. tested (%) | 23/59 (39%). 8/60 (13%) (h), 2/27 (8%) (i)D | none | 2/145 (1.3%) | 9 (19%) | none | none | 3/317 (0.9%) | NA | 5/1597 (0.31%) |
| T2 Elevation, No./total No. tested (%) | 4/26 (15.3%) | 2/145 (1.35%) | 0/48 | 4/26 (15%) | 1/30 (3.3%) | 7/317(2.2%) | 0/5 | 31/1597 (1.9%) | |
| LGE, No./total No. tested (%) | 16/22 (27%) 10/27 (24%)(h) | 12/26 (46.1%) | 42/145 (28.9%) | 1/48 (2%) | 1/26 (4%) | 2/30 (6.6%) with LGE | 13/317 (4.1%) | 0/5 | 36/1597 (2.2%) |
| Pericardial enhancement (x) No./total No. tested (%) | 1/22 (4.5%) | 2/4 (7.7%) | 1/145 (0.6%) | 19/48(39.5%) | 1 (3.8%) | 2/30 (6.6%) | 10/317 (3.1%) | NA | 1/1597 (0.06%) |
| Elevated troponin No./total No. tested (%) | none | none | 5/145 (3.4%) | 1/48 (2%) | 4/26 (15%)e | 12/789 (1.52%) | 24/2719 (0.9%) | 4/137 (2.9%) | 6/1597 (0.37%) |
| Outcome in full cohort No/total No. tested (%) | 2/59 (3.3%) myocarditis 1/59 (1.6%) pericarditis | 4/26 (15.4%) myocarditis | 2/145 (1.38%) myocarditis | 0 | No myocarditis | 3/789 (0.38%) myocarditis; 2/789 (0.25%) pericarditis | 15/3018 myocarditis (0.5%)f | No myocarditis | 37/2461 myocarditis (1.5%)g |
Abbreviations: cMRI, Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; NA, not available or applicable; NC not collected; Ret, retrospective; cross, cross-sectional; pro, prospective; obs, observational
A: Mean (SD)
B: Median (interquartile range)
C: Median (range)
D: T1 Elevation, T2 Elevation and increase ECV reported together
E: High sensitivity troponin utilized
F: Reported as possible (n=6), probable (n=4) and definite (n=11) myocarditis
G: Reported as subclinical possible (n=20), subclinical probable (n=8), clinical myocarditis (n=9)
H: Military personal as athletic control group
I: Health control group