Supplementary Fig. 5.
Evaluation of Inflammation exacerbation among different nanoparticles. Pro-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum (a) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2) in liver homogenate (b) of wild-type (WT), TLR-3 KO, or TLR-4 KO upon treatment with LPS (2 mg kg−1) followed by modmRNA-LNP (0.32 mg-mRNA kg−1 or equivalent lipid mass of empty-LNP) were compared to the mice treated with LPS only (2 mg kg−1) or modmRNA-LNP only. Each symbol represents one animal and horizontal lines show the mean. Error bars indicate SEM. Group size is 3–5 animals. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, comparing LPS/ modmRNA-LNP among wild-type and knockout mice (****P < 0.0001).