Figure 1.

Map of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protein targets, their positions on the viral RNA genome, and molecular structures of drug molecules targeting these proteins. The string represents the open reading frame (ORF) genome, with numbers corresponding to nonstructural protein (nsp) gene pieces. (a) The papain-like protease (PL^pro) [Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID: 6W9C] (J. Osipiuk et al., unpublished data, 2021) ebselen,¹⁷ hypericin and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside,²² neobavaisoflavone,²³(b) The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex, with its co-factor proteins (PDB ID: 6XEZ¹². Galidesevir,²⁴ remdesivir and its nucleotide analogs,¹⁸ 4-benzyl-1-(2,4,6-trimethyl-benzyl)-piperidine (M1BZP),¹⁹ favipiravir.²⁵(c) Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) (PDB ID: 6WKP) (C. Chang et al., unpublished data, 2021). (E)-4-(4-methylbenzyl)-6-styrylpyridazin-3(2H)-one (MBSP).²⁶(d) Main protease (M^pro) (PDB ID: 6LU7²⁷. Amodiaquine and ribavirin,¹⁴ embelin,¹⁶ NHE–Ag (E = C, Si, and Ge) complex,²⁸ pyridine N-oxide derivatives.²⁹(e) Methyltransferase (PDB ID: 6W4H³⁰. Thiazolidine derivatives.¹⁵(f) Spike glycoprotein (S) (PDB ID: 6VXX³¹. Lopinavir and aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) with its metal complexes,³² salvianolic acid B.³³